PI = 'any investment that increases the chance child will survive at expense of parent's ability to invest in any other offspring - TRIVERS
Male & females dont invest equally --> Females not able to opt out of PI males can --> B/C males invest more courtship & can afford to devote little (in comp. to females) to parental care --> Adaptive value 4 unborn child = guaranteed caregiver (mum) --> Adaptive value 4 male continue to distribute genes elsewhere ..more offspring
Female gametes more costly than males = females only prod. 1-2 eggs per month, males limitless in prod. sperm --> Females invest more biologically than males, costs of childcare high --> Female ancestors min. maternal investment = 9month pregnancy, yrs feeding & carrying -->Min. paternal investment = teaspoon of semen --> Enormous diff. in max. reprod. success of sexes, random mating costly for human females --> CONTRADICTS PENTON-VOAK: females only mate w/males that are going to remain w/them --> Survey 2700 women .. 14% UK extra-marital mating --> Some women offset cost of PI by cuckoldry --> Extra-social support, better genetic quality --> H/W risks = abandonment & mate-retention strategies i.e. violence (Daly& Wilson)
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