Nurture
- Created by: Grace.2006
- Created on: 03-02-23 10:07
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- Nurture
- Refers to the influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors
- Psychological characteristics and behavioural differences that emerge through infancy and childhood are the result of learning
- How you are brought up that governs the psychological aspects of child development
- Theory supporting nature
- Albert Bandura
- Believes that human behaviour is created by the environment
- Believes that role models play a big part in shaping behaviour
- Bandura Experiment
- The aim of the study was to investigate whether young children observe and imitate role models
- Example
- An adult hit the doll with a hammer and shouted abuse at it
- A child was then left alone in the room with the doll
- The child's behaviour was then observed
- It was shown that children who observed aggressive behaviour displayed aggressive behaviour towards the doll
- They also were found to use words and behaviour which were similar to the role models
- It was shown that children who observed aggressive behaviour displayed aggressive behaviour towards the doll
- The child's behaviour was then observed
- A child was then left alone in the room with the doll
- An adult hit the doll with a hammer and shouted abuse at it
- Modelling
- Modelling is where a person copies behaviour of a role model
- Modelling can also refer to the behaviour as being 'advertised' by the role model
- Criticisms of Bandura's theory
- Some researchers argued that the study was unethical
- As it manipulated children into behaving aggressively
- The experimenters were teaching the children to be aggressive
- Lacks validity
- It is not a valid way of researching human behaviour
- Some researchers argued that the study was unethical
- Albert Bandura
- Types of reinforcement
- Positive reinforcement
- The behaviour that is repeated because of personal satisfaction or rewards
- Negative reinforcement
- The behaviour is not repeated to avoid an adverse experience such as a lack of satisfaction or to avoid being told off
- Vicarious reinforcement
- Where we observe someone else being reinforced or behaving in a certain way and imitate that behaviour to also be rewarded
- Positive reinforcement
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