Elizabeth I - Foreign Policy - The Netherlands 1570 - 1588
- Created by: Harry
- Created on: 28-05-13 11:42
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- Netherlands
- Historiography
- MacCaffrey: Not as successful as Wernham, but not as unsuccessful as Wilson. She was a reactionary leader.
- As a reaction, Elizabeth created a formal alliance between England and the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
- Elizabeth paid for 6,400 infantry and 1000 cavalry to be taken to the Netherlands under the leadership of Leicester
- The troops were ill-disciplined and alienated the Dutch
- Two English officers deserted and joined the forces of Parma
- English commanders quarrelled among themselves
- Leicester argued with the Dutch over taxes, religion, and trade - showing an insensitivity
- Leicester attempted a Coup d'Etat as relations had reached breaking point - he returned to England in 1588
- Netherlands
- Historiography
- MacCaffrey: Not as successful as Wernham, but not as unsuccessful as Wilson. She was a reactionary leader.
- As a reaction, Elizabeth created a formal alliance between England and the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
- Elizabeth paid for 6,400 infantry and 1000 cavalry to be taken to the Netherlands under the leadership of Leicester
- The troops were ill-disciplined and alienated the Dutch
- Two English officers deserted and joined the forces of Parma
- English commanders quarrelled among themselves
- Leicester argued with the Dutch over taxes, religion, and trade - showing an insensitivity
- Leicester attempted a Coup d'Etat as relations had reached breaking point - he returned to England in 1588
- Leicester attempted a Coup d'Etat as relations had reached breaking point - he returned to England in 1588
- Leicester argued with the Dutch over taxes, religion, and trade - showing an insensitivity
- English commanders quarrelled among themselves
- Two English officers deserted and joined the forces of Parma
- The troops were ill-disciplined and alienated the Dutch
- However, she would go on to try and broker a peace with Parma, showing she feared the Spanish and the possible results of her actions in the Netherlands
- Elizabeth paid for 6,400 infantry and 1000 cavalry to be taken to the Netherlands under the leadership of Leicester
- As a reaction, Elizabeth created a formal alliance between England and the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
- Wernham: Consistent and successful policy in the Netherlands
- Wilson: Elizabeth's policies were inconsistent and unsuccessful
- Doran suggeststhat, by this point, Elizabeth's policy was in 'disarray' as she had alienated the Spanish without aiding the Dutch to any great extent
- MacCaffrey: Not as successful as Wernham, but not as unsuccessful as Wilson. She was a reactionary leader.
- 1572: Elizabeth expels William of Orange and the Sea beggars from English ports
- They move their ships and dock at Brielle - soon they revolt against the repressive policies and taxes enforced by the Duke of Alba
- Radical protestant Privy councillors urge Elizabeth to intervene, but she refuses. Instead she allows the rebels to recruit English soldiers to fight for them.
- In 1575, the Spanish launch an offensive to put down the uprisings.
- 1576 - The 'Spanish Fury' sees the city of Antwerp plundered by Philip's troops
- The provinces of the Netherlands call for the removal of all foreign troops in the 1576 Pacification of Ghent
- The Spanish leave the Netherlands - a result that was perfectly in line with Elizabeth's goals, making her policy seem triumphant
- However,in 1577 the uprisings restarted and the Spanish moved back in to the Netherlands
- Intel suggested the French were going to join forces with the Spanish and so Elizabeth increased her backing of the rebels
- She promised£100K to the Dutch Estates - General and would provide military support if the French invaded
- She warned Philip that if he broke the terms of the 1576 Pacification of Ghent, she would support the rebels
- However,to avoid direct war with Spain she hired a mercenary army to aid the rebels
- Doran suggeststhat, by this point, Elizabeth's policy was in 'disarray' as she had alienated the Spanish without aiding the Dutch to any great extent
- Religious divides between the rebels were echoed on a national scale as the Netherlands split in two
- The Union of Utrecht = Northern and Protestant
- The Union of Arras = Spanish and Catholic
- The Spanish made peace with the Union of Arras, allowing the Duke of Parma to begin his reconquest of the Northern provinces
- From the 1580s, The situation in the Netherlands worsened
- Henry III, due to Catholic opposition to his reign, refused to join an anti-Spanish alliance
- The Duke of Anjou's Dutch campaign failed.
- The Duke of Parma's reconquest of the Northern provinces gained momentum.
- William of Orange was assassinated in 1584, leaving the rebels leaderless
- in 1584, the Treaty of Joinville joined the French Catholic League and the Spanish, isolating Elizabeth
- Philip II, now allied to the Guise family, had no political reasons stopping him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots
- From the 1580s, The situation in the Netherlands worsened
- The Spanish made peace with the Union of Arras, allowing the Duke of Parma to begin his reconquest of the Northern provinces
- The Spanish made peace with the Union of Arras, allowing the Duke of Parma to begin his reconquest of the Northern provinces
- From the 1580s, The situation in the Netherlands worsened
- Henry III, due to Catholic opposition to his reign, refused to join an anti-Spanish alliance
- The Duke of Anjou's Dutch campaign failed.
- The Duke of Parma's reconquest of the Northern provinces gained momentum.
- William of Orange was assassinated in 1584, leaving the rebels leaderless
- in 1584, the Treaty of Joinville joined the French Catholic League and the Spanish, isolating Elizabeth
- Philip II, now allied to the Guise family, had no political reasons stopping him from supporting Mary, Queen of Scots
- From the 1580s, The situation in the Netherlands worsened
- However,to avoid direct war with Spain she hired a mercenary army to aid the rebels
- Intel suggested the French were going to join forces with the Spanish and so Elizabeth increased her backing of the rebels
- However,in 1577 the uprisings restarted and the Spanish moved back in to the Netherlands
- The Spanish leave the Netherlands - a result that was perfectly in line with Elizabeth's goals, making her policy seem triumphant
- The provinces of the Netherlands call for the removal of all foreign troops in the 1576 Pacification of Ghent
- 1576 - The 'Spanish Fury' sees the city of Antwerp plundered by Philip's troops
- In 1575, the Spanish launch an offensive to put down the uprisings.
- Radical protestant Privy councillors urge Elizabeth to intervene, but she refuses. Instead she allows the rebels to recruit English soldiers to fight for them.
- They move their ships and dock at Brielle - soon they revolt against the repressive policies and taxes enforced by the Duke of Alba
- Historiography
- Netherlands
- Leicester attempted a Coup d'Etat as relations had reached breaking point - he returned to England in 1588
- Leicester argued with the Dutch over taxes, religion, and trade - showing an insensitivity
- English commanders quarrelled among themselves
- Two English officers deserted and joined the forces of Parma
- The troops were ill-disciplined and alienated the Dutch
- However, she would go on to try and broker a peace with Parma, showing she feared the Spanish and the possible results of her actions in the Netherlands
- Elizabeth paid for 6,400 infantry and 1000 cavalry to be taken to the Netherlands under the leadership of Leicester
- As a reaction, Elizabeth created a formal alliance between England and the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585
- Wernham: Consistent and successful policy in the Netherlands
- Wilson: Elizabeth's policies were inconsistent and unsuccessful
- MacCaffrey: Not as successful as Wernham, but not as unsuccessful as Wilson. She was a reactionary leader.
- 1572: Elizabeth expels William of Orange and the Sea beggars from English ports
- They move their ships and dock at Brielle - soon they revolt against the repressive policies and taxes enforced by the Duke of Alba
- Radical protestant Privy councillors urge Elizabeth to intervene, but she refuses. Instead she allows the rebels to recruit English soldiers to fight for them.
- In 1575, the Spanish launch an offensive to put down the uprisings.
- 1576 - The 'Spanish Fury' sees the city of Antwerp plundered by Philip's troops
- The provinces of the Netherlands call for the removal of all foreign troops in the 1576 Pacification of Ghent
- The Spanish leave the Netherlands - a result that was perfectly in line with Elizabeth's goals, making her policy seem triumphant
- However,in 1577 the uprisings restarted and the Spanish moved back in to the Netherlands
- Intel suggested the French were going to join forces with the Spanish and so Elizabeth increased her backing of the rebels
- She promised£100K to the Dutch Estates - General and would provide military support if the French invaded
- She warned Philip that if he broke the terms of the 1576 Pacification of Ghent, she would support the rebels
- However,to avoid direct war with Spain she hired a mercenary army to aid the rebels
- Religious divides between the rebels were echoed on a national scale as the Netherlands split in two
- The Union of Utrecht = Northern and Protestant
- The Union of Arras = Spanish and Catholic
- Religious divides between the rebels were echoed on a national scale as the Netherlands split in two
- However,to avoid direct war with Spain she hired a mercenary army to aid the rebels
- Intel suggested the French were going to join forces with the Spanish and so Elizabeth increased her backing of the rebels
- However,in 1577 the uprisings restarted and the Spanish moved back in to the Netherlands
- The Spanish leave the Netherlands - a result that was perfectly in line with Elizabeth's goals, making her policy seem triumphant
- The provinces of the Netherlands call for the removal of all foreign troops in the 1576 Pacification of Ghent
- 1576 - The 'Spanish Fury' sees the city of Antwerp plundered by Philip's troops
- In 1575, the Spanish launch an offensive to put down the uprisings.
- Radical protestant Privy councillors urge Elizabeth to intervene, but she refuses. Instead she allows the rebels to recruit English soldiers to fight for them.
- They move their ships and dock at Brielle - soon they revolt against the repressive policies and taxes enforced by the Duke of Alba
- Historiography
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