Nature/Nurture
- Created by: katvaux
- Created on: 01-04-15 12:32
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- Nature/Nurture
- nature debate (Buss 1994)
- cultural variations (Mead 1935)
- nurture debate/ sex role stereotyping (Furnham + Farragher 2000) (Fagot 1978)
- F + F 2000
- Aim: to investigate the use of sex role stereotyping in advertising
- Method: over 200 adverts analysed according to the sex of the central figure and coded (rated) by a m/f researcher.
- Results: men tended to be used in autonomous, physical roles or power positions + women in familial or domestic roles
- Con: SRS reinforced through advertising and yet males voice overs used as they were deemed to have more authority.
- Eval: research/ viewer interpretation + method issues.
- Fagot 1978
- Aim: to investigate parental reinforcement of gender dev and the effect of this in gender role dev.
- Method: 2 researchers observed 24 families, half with young sons and half with young daughters for 5 separate 1-hour periods.
- Results: positive reaction if childrn behaved in a gender appropriate way and negative if not.
- Eval: observer effect could change results, in 70's so could be outdated (attitudes have changed)
- F + F 2000
- Bem 1974
- 50 male and female judges were used to compile a list of 20 masc/fem. traits.
- this formed the BSRI - a way of measuring a persons androgyny.
- was later compared to the students own descriptors of their gender - was validated.
- findings were as expected: males scored high masc traits and females high fem traits.
- 1000 students then took the inventory and rated themselves (true of them or not 1-7) and then given an overall masc and fem score.
- sign. number showed androgyny - concluded they were more psychol/lly healthy.
- good test-retest reliability
- hard to generalise because of lack of validity and traits were decided in 70's
- 50 male and female judges were used to compile a list of 20 masc/fem. traits.
- 3 types of gender
- androgyny , masculine + feminine
- sex + gender
- sex vs gender (Imperato + McGinley)
- sex is fixed: its internal, m/f are physically different, hormones and chromosome are different
- individuals can change their gender identity.
- Domin. Rep. - a hormone deficiency led 18 males to appear as females as birth.
- they were therefore raised as girls.
- at puberty their hormones changed and caused them to develop male genitals.
- most adapted masc gender role and identity.
- very small case study, culturally specific and a retrospective accout which mean they could have lied about things.
- sex and gender are distinct from each other and gender is flexible
- gender: nature/nurture (Diamond + Sigmundson 1997)
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