Natural Selection 2- Revision
- Created by: Ammarah123
- Created on: 17-02-18 22:12
View mindmap
- Natural Selection and Genetic Modification
- Classification
- Classification- Organising Living Organisms into Groups
- Living things are first divided into five groups called kingdoms
- *Animals-- fish, mammals, reptiles etc.
- *Fungi-- mushrooms and toadstools, yeasts
- *Prokaryotes-- all single-celled organisms without a nucleus
- *Protists-- eukaryotic single- celled organisms eg. algae
- The kingdoms are then subdivided into smaller groups that have common features
- King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
- Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
- King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti
- Living things are first divided into five groups called kingdoms
- Classification System Changes Over Time
- Using genetic analysis, Carl Woses (scientist) suggested that all organisms should be first divided into three large groups called domains. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
- 3) Eukarya-- This domain included a broad range of organisms including fungi, plants, animals and protists
- 2) Bacteria-- This domain contains true bacteria
- 1) Archaea-- Organisms in this domain look similar to bacteria but have differences in their genetic sequences. They were first found in extreme places eg. hot springs + salt lajkes
- Using genetic analysis, Carl Woses (scientist) suggested that all organisms should be first divided into three large groups called domains. Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya
- Classification- Organising Living Organisms into Groups
- Selective Breeding
- When humans artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed so that the genes for particular characteristics remain in the population
- eg. Animals that produce more meat or milk, crops with disease resistance or plants that produce bigger fruit
- Pros
- Agriculture- Genetic variation means some cattle will have better characteristics for producing meat than others
- To improve meat yields, a farmer could select cows and bulls and breed them together. After doing this, the farmer would get cows with a very high meat yield
- Medical Research- In several studies investigating the reasons behind alcoholism, rats have been bred with either a strong or weak preference of alcohol.
- This has allowed researchers to compare the different types of rates including different behavior types + the way their brains work
- Agriculture- Genetic variation means some cattle will have better characteristics for producing meat than others
- When humans artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed so that the genes for particular characteristics remain in the population
- Genetic Engineering
- Vectors Can be Used to Insert DNA into Other Organsims
- 5) These cells now use the gene you inserted to make the protein you want
- 4) The recombinant DNA is inserted into other cells eg. bacteris
- 1) The DNA you want to insert is cut out with a restrictive enzyme. The vector DNA is then cut open using the same restriction enzyme
- Pros
- Agriculture- Crops can be genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides (chemicals that kill plants).
- This mans farmers can spray their crops to kill weeds without affecting the crop itself
- Medicine- Researchers have manged to transfer human genes that produce useful proteins into sheep and cows
- Agriculture- Crops can be genetically modified to be resistant to herbicides (chemicals that kill plants).
- Cons
- It can be hard to predict what effect modifying its genome will have on the organism
- Many genetically modified embryos don't survive + some genetically modified animals suffer from health problems later in life
- Genetically transplanted genes might get out in the environment + Genetically modified crops could adversely affect food chains- or even human health
- It can be hard to predict what effect modifying its genome will have on the organism
- Vectors Can be Used to Insert DNA into Other Organsims
- Classification
Similar Biology resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made