Molecular Biology
- Created by: EntropicEnigma
- Created on: 12-02-18 10:41
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- Molecular Biology
- Mobile Genetic Elements
- Transformation
- Transfer of naked DNA
- Integrated to chromosome by homologous recombination
- May transfer plasmid, non-conjugative
- Recpieint cells are competent
- Used to transform bacteria for DNA cloning experiments
- Transfer of naked DNA
- Transduction
- Phage mediated transfer
- Diptheria toxin
- Cholera toxin
- Phage mediated transfer
- Conjugation
- Transformation
- Genes and Evolution
- Transient Changes
- Gene expression
- Inducible/Repressible genes
- e.g. Phase switching in Salmonella
- transpositions
- Plastic genomes
- Mobile elements
- DNA re-arrangements
- Transformation with foreign DNA
- Plastic genomes
- Base changes
- Point mutation
- Frameshift
- Accumulate over time
- Basis of 16S PCR for taxonomic ID
- Point mutation
- Mutations
- Lethal mutation
- Silent mutation
- Altered function
- Tradeoff
- Transient Changes
- Taxonomy
- Phenotypic
- Morphology
- GRAM
- Biochemical Test
- MALDI-TOF
- Fatty acid methyl ester analysis
- fatty acid constitutuents of peptidoglycan wall
- Polar glycolipid analysis (2D GE)
- Genotypic
- 16S Phylogenetics
- Multi-locus sequence typing
- Whole genome sequencing
- Simple methods
- %GC Content
- Thermal denaturation of DNA
- DNA methylation content
- DNA:DNA hybridisation probes
- Direct target PCR
- %GC Content
- Phenotypic
- Bacterial Typing
- Clonal complexes
- MLST analysis
- SNP Analysis
- Only interpretable if basal rate of change is known
- Variable nucleotide terminal repeats VNTR
- Organisms
- E.coli ST131
- Commonest CC
- Major cause of bacteraemia
- Many carry extended spectrum beta lactamases
- NDM-1
- CTX-M
- SHV
- TEM
- Pseudomonas PA14
- E.coli ST131
- Clonal complexes
- Mobile Genetic Elements
- Plasmids
- Type F Pili
- Conjugation
- Recombination
- Transposable elements
- Transposons
- Tn3 (Simple transposon)
- Tn10 (Complex transposon)
- Integrons
- Integrase
- Contains a gene cassette
- oxa (b-lactamase)
- aac (aminoglycocide)
- Transposons
- Transposable elements
- Conjugative and Non-conjugative
- May pick up and transfer chromosomal genes
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