Measuring attachment - 'The Strange Situation'
- Created by: Danni
- Created on: 02-12-12 17:14
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- Measuring attachment - 'The Strange Situation'
- van Ijzendoorn
- Cross-cultural studies
- van Ijzendoorn + Kroonenberg (1988) - meta-analysis (32 studies from 8 countries)
- German infants = highest % avoidant attachments
- Israeli + Japanese infants = highest % ambivalent attachments
- Takahashi (1990) - infant-mother separation = not norm in Japan
- All cultures: most common attachment = secure
- Strange Situation = useful tool to measure attachment
- Different child-rearing norms between (+within) cultures = varying % of attachment types
- Ainsworth (1978)
- Ainsworth et al (1978) - strange situation = procedure measuring attachment
- Replicated many times + standard procedure for measuring type + quality of attachment
- Type + quality of attachment = dependent on mother's behaviour - secure attachment = sensitive to needs, responsive, cooperative + accessible
- Attachment types: Avoidant, Secure, Ambivalent + Disorganised - Main et al (1985)
- Replicated many times to see whether classifications show good reliability over time + category percentages = similar across cultures (van Ijzendoorn)
- Ainsworth's study - failed to show good test-retest reliability
- Hesse + Main (2000) - other sudies show fairly stable classification over time (especially secure + disorganised categories)
- Waters et al (2000) - link between type of attachment in infancy + relationships later
- Focus on relationship with 1 person (usually mother) - ignores relationships with others
- Rothbaum et al (2000) - Strange Situation = not appropriate for non-Western cultures
- Miyake et al (1985) - 35% Japanese infants = ambivalent
- Takahashi et al (1990) - japanese infants cried because seldom left alone
- Belsky (1984) - focus on mother's sensitivity + not wider influences e.g. child's temperament, background, health + social context
- Kagan (1984) - Strange Situation could be assessing temperament not attachment: avoidant = rarely stressed/ anxious = easily stressed
- Fraley + Spieker (2003) - fixed category system = oversimplified
- Ainsworth et al (1978) - strange situation = procedure measuring attachment
- van Ijzendoorn
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