Marxism - Theory (and Methods) Unit 4
Marxist theory and their different views on the way society functions.
- Created by: Ray22
- Created on: 22-05-13 19:16
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- Marxism
- Gramsci & hegemony
- Hegemony - how the rulling class maintain their position
- 1. Coercion: the army, police, prisons, and courts (forcing individuals to conform
- 2. Consent: using ideas and values to persuade the 'subordinates' the rules are legitimate
- The hegemony is never complete
- Ruling class form the minority so promises must be made to the lower classes
- The proletariat have a dual consious - they begin to 'see through' the dominant ideology
- Mass unemployment create the pre-conditions for a revolt: whether it will actually occur?) is central to the idea
- The working class will only gain leadership with a 'counter-hegemonic bloc' by producing their own intellectuals
- Hegemony - how the rulling class maintain their position
- Althusser's structuralism
- 2. The ideological and repressive state apparatuses
- B. ISAs manipulate the w/c into accepting the legitimacy of capitalism
- A. RSAs or 'armed bodies of men' that coerce the w/c into complying
- 1. Criticisms of the base superstructure model
- Marx - Economic base determines the its superstructure
- Capitalist society has three structures or levels
- ii. Political
- i. Economic
- iii. Ideological
- 3. Criticisms of humanism
- Unseen structures create the illusion of free will, choice & creativity
- A core breakdown in all 3 structural levels will lead to a revolution. (Over-deterministic)
- 2. The ideological and repressive state apparatuses
- Society is divided between the infrastructure and the super-structure
- Macro-approach
- Main focus: the historical development and social relations of western capitalism
- Bourgeoisie exploitation of the labour force, the proletariat
- Social change is inevitable until the attainment of a communist society
- Gramsci & hegemony
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