Louis Philippe's Domestic Policy

Created by: BF
Created on: 09-04-14 19:55

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Louis Philippe's Domestic Policy
- Opposition
  - 2nd Rebellion In Lyon 1834 due to Economic issues
    - Met with military repression
      - The Massacre in the Rue Transnonain 1834
    - Canuts, silk workers, had no business and were starving (No foreign or domestic business)
    - Canuts formed a Mutual Aid Society to protect workers against merchants- led to 1st rebellion in 1831
  - Funerals And Banquets
    - Used for public speeches as political meetings were banned
  - Secret Societies
    - Aide-Toi, Amis Du Peuple, Société Des Droits De L'homme,
      - Many used to be members of the Charbonnerie during Charles X's reign
      - Amis= Public meetings, pamphlets and poster campaigns and involved in ex-minister riots
  - Mutual Aid Societies
    - Canuts formed a Mutual Aid Society to protect workers against merchants- led to 1st rebellion in 1831
    - After Lyon, Mutual Aid Societies were banned
  - Newspapers
    - La Poire- Daumier
    - Took dignity and respect away from the king
    - Louis Philippe tried to take a newspaper/ Daumier to court and lost the case
    - 1835 Censorship tightened
  - Assassination Attempt 1835
    - Bravery
- Political and Religious Policies
  - Party of Resistance vs. Party of Movement
    - Guizot had become extremely unpopular with the deputies by resisting extended suffrage
  - Became more politically involved in the 1840s as he believed he had more stability
- Social and Economic Policies
  - Artisans expected social reforms
    - Only times when there was a risk of disturbance was bread and grain reduced in price or free
  - Failed to address economic crisis 1830-2
    - 10,000 unemployed in Paris 1830- Government not providing jobs and are borrowing money
    - Luckily the economy stabilised, no thanks to the government
  - 2nd Rebellion In Lyon 1834 due to Economic issues
    - Met with military repression
      - The Massacre in the Rue Transnonain 1834
    - Canuts, silk workers, had no business and were starving (No foreign or domestic business)
  - Demand for the execution of Charles X's ex-ministers
    - Lafayette, an artisan icon, crushed the rebels when the ex-ministers were merely given life imprisonment
  - Anti-Clerical Riots
    - Clergy often ultra legitimists- At the memorial of the Duc De Berri they placed a leaf crown on a statue of his son Henri- led to more riots
    - Many did not want the clergy to have influence on education
  - Urbanisation
    - Tensions in cities between natives and migrants over employment
    - Cholera Outbreaks 1832
- Personality and Beliefs
  - Saw being King as a job not a divine right or luxury
  - Reached his dotage and didn't want to change during the 1840s
- Succeses
  - Stood by The 1830 Charter
  - Chose capable ministers in 1830 which reflected the chamber of deputies
  - Adopted the Tricolour Flag- Spirit of the revolution
  - Visited the National Guard daily
- Failures
  - Louis-Philippe was part of the Party of Resistance (rather than the Party of Movement)
    - Refused a wider electorate- stood by the 1830 Charter
  - Did not change with the will of the people
  - He was a compromise/ choice- No power base
  - The reintroduction of censorship - Against the charter
  - Stood by Guizot as Chief Minister- Good friends- meant that the liberals had no choice but to go against the king
- What Was Changed By The 1830 Revolution?
  - (Modest) Constitutional changes
    - The Charter
      - Catholicism was made the religion of the majority rather than the religion of the country
      - Freedom of the Press- No Censorship
        Expansion in the number of papers- Politically orientated
      - King still the Head of State but could no longer suspend or dispense with laws
      - Laws could now be proposed by the King, the Chamber of Peers AND the Chameber of Deputies
      - Ultra Preamble removed
    - Voting ages changed to the age of 30, 200 franc tax payers- however still no universal male suffrage
      - 5 in every 1000 men could vote (mostly landowners)
        Better than most European countries except Britain where 32 in every 1000 voted
    - Abolition of the double vote
  - No one's ideal constitution
    - Avoided conflict
  - The Stolen Revolution!
    - Artisans expected resolved economic problems
  - Still a Laissez-Faire government with no state intervention
  - Hereditary right of Peers taken away - Meritocracy
  - A Bourgeois revolution?
    - Yes= Power was handed to bankers and businessmen- entrepreneurial middle class
    - No- France still ran by traditional bourgeois old money families- did not acknowledge artisans and lower classs
- The 'Chosen' King- Why?
  - Fear of escalation of the revolution
    - Liberals and most of France wanted a stable government and economic growth
  - Bourbon cousin and émigré
    - Acceptable to Royalists and Foreign Powers
  - Richest man in the kingdom
    - Unlike the debt of Louis XVI- Less tax?
  - Presented as 'Choice of the people' to make the change appear more radical
    - Fought with the revolutionary armies at Jemappes
    - 'King of the Barricades'
    - King of the French People, Not King of France
  - Alternatives were not an option
    - Napoleon II was too young, too sick, too foreign to rule
    - People still related republicanism to The Great Terror- Republic not an option (too radical)
  - Artisans had no political voice or motives
    - Artisans only wanted food and work
    - Liberals therefore made all the political choices during the revolution
- Successes in the 1830s which became disadvantages in the 1840s
  - Family man with no affairs
    - 1830= Unlike Charles X and Louis XVIII
    - 1840= Too boring and too ugly to have a mistress
  - Citizen King
    - 1830= In touch with the people
    - 1840= Façade realised, he is not different, the same as the Bourbons + He was chosen, he has no power base
  - National Guard
    - 1830= Visited the guard daily
    - 1840= Due to bad health, rarely visited, felt unappreciated by the king- didn't defend him in 1848

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Louis Philippe's Domestic Policy

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