loftus and palmer
- Created by: elliea123x
- Created on: 16-04-21 16:43
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- Loftus and palmer
- experiment 1
- aims
- to see how accurate people are in recollecting automobile accidents
- to see if the effect of changing a verb on the estimate speed of cars in the accident.
- procedure
- 45 students into groups of various sizes. each group saw 7 films of car accidents. each film was 5-30 secs long
- after the film they were given a questionnaire and asked to give an account of the accident. here was a series of questions about the accident
- the critical question asked them about the speed of the cars involved. the verb in the q was changed. 9 were asked how how was the cars going when they hit each other.
- equal numbers of smashed, collided, bumped, contacted.
- results of speed estimate
- smashed 40.5
- collided 39.3
- bumped 38.1
- hit 34.0
- contacted 31.8
- conclusion
- verbs used in questioning about car accidents can affect a persons memory for the accident
- the more sever sounding thievery the faster the car is remembered to have gone
- aims
- experiment 2
- aims
- to see if changing the verb at questioning leads to a change in memory for a car accident in terms of the consequences
- procedure
- 150 students saw 1 minute clip with a car accident that lasted 4 seconds
- after the film they had to describe the accident in their own words and were asked a series of questions
- the critical q was about how fast were the cars going when they smashed / hit each other
- 50 ppts were asked smashed, 50 hit and 50 no mention of speed
- the ppts came back a week later, they didn't see the film again. they were asked 10 more questions including 'did you see any broken glass?' yes or no (there wasn't)
- results to yes or no seeing broken glass
- yes
- smashed 16
- hit 7
- control 6
- no
- smashed 34
- hit 43
- control 44
- yes
- conclusion
- changing verb not only changes speed estimates but also change the memory of other factors of a car accident.
- this change in memory is present 1 week after the initial questioning
- aims
- EVALUATION
- generalisability
- sample size
- expt 1 45 ppts. expt 2 150. large sample sizes, more representative of target population, anomalies have less of an effect on the data.
- ethnocentric
- all ppts were American, can't be generalised to other cultures who may interpret videos different.
- sample size
- reliability
- standardised procedure
- the questions, film clips and tasks are all standardise, can be easily replicated, checks for consistency
- standardised procedure
- validity
- task validity
- student ppts are not likely to have been under the same emotional strain as they only watched video not in real life. not true emotions
- social desirability
- the ppts knew the video was happening, could of prepared themselves for it, not a true reaction
- task validity
- ethics
- only watching film clips of an event, not witnessing it in real life which can be distressing, showing protection of participants has been demonstrated
- all participants gave informed consent, and were fully debriefed
- generalisability
- experiment 1
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