Cognitive and ethical interviewing

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Who introduced cognitive interviewing?
Fisher and Geiselman
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What were the three aims of cognitive interviewing?
Reduce distress, avoid dominance and avoid leading questions
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Who studied the effect of leading questions and phrasing?
Loftus and Palmer
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How many participants and groups did Loftus and Palmer's first experiment have?
45 participants, 9 groups
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What were the different groups?
Smashed, hit, bumped, collided and contacted
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What question was asked in Loftus and Palmer's first study?
What speed were the cars going at?
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What was the average speed limit for 'smashed'?
40.8 mph
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What was the average speed limit for 'contacted'?
31.8 mph
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How many participants were in Loftus and Palmer's second study?
150
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What groups were in Loftus and Palmer's second experiment?
Smashed, hit and contacted
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How many video clips were shown in Loftus and Palmer's second experiment?
1
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How many video clips were shown in Loftus and Palmer's first study?
7
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What question was asked in Loftus and Palmer's second study?
Was there any smashed glass?
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What was the time gap in Loftus and Palmer's second experiment between watching the clip and answering the questions?
1 week
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How many people in the 'smashed' group said there was glass on the floor?
16
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How many people in the 'hit' group said there was smashed glass on the floor?
7
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What was the aim of Loftus and Palmer's second study?
To see what other parts of the memory could be manipulated- chain reaction
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What type of validity do both of Loftus and Palmer's experiments lack?
Ecological
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Who produced a review on cognitive interviewing?
Kohnken
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What kind of review was Kohnken's?
Meta-analysis
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How many studies did Kohnken use for his review?
42
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How many interviewees were in Kohnken's review?
2,500
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In Kohnken's review, did the number of correct recall through cognitive interviewing increase?
Yes
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In Kohnken's review, did incorrect recall increase through cognitive interviewing?
Yes
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What was the average correct recall for cognitive interviews?
85%
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What was the average correct recall for standard interviews?
83%
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Did Kohnken say that there was better recall if the individual was a bystander or was involved?
If the individual was involved
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In Kohnken's review, was recall any better if it was more realistic?
Yes
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What does mnemonics mean?
Techniques used in order to increase recall
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What mnemonics are used in cognitive interviewing?
PRIO
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What does the 'P' in PRIO stand for?
Perspective
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What does the 'R' in PRIO stand for?
Report everything
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What does the 'I' in PRIO stand for?
Image
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What does the 'O' in PRIO stand for?
Order of events
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What word is used to sum up ethical interviewing?
PEACE
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What does the 'P' in PEACE stand for?
Plan and prepare
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What does the 'E' in PEACE stand for?
Engage and explain
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What does the 'A' in PEACE stand for?
Account of suspect/individual
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What does the 'C' in PEACE stand for?
Closure
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What does the final 'E' in PEACE stand for?
Evaluate
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were the three aims of cognitive interviewing?

Back

Reduce distress, avoid dominance and avoid leading questions

Card 3

Front

Who studied the effect of leading questions and phrasing?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How many participants and groups did Loftus and Palmer's first experiment have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What were the different groups?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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