Language and society
- Created by: mkeat
- Created on: 10-04-17 13:56
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- based upon two ideas
- Convergence- adapting communication behaviour to reduce social differences and therefore to 'fit' in with those speaking to
- Divergence- exaggerating speech and shifts topic of discussion to highlight their status and non-verbal differences between speakers
- investigated the differences between language and society
- the way language is written and spoken across individuals differs to due experiances
- pronunciation of postvocalic 'r' varied with level of formality and social class
- Higher proportion of middle class made an effort to use it formal situations
- pronunciation of postvocalic 'r' varied with level of formality and social class
- William Labov
- Professor of linguistics
- the way language is written and spoken across individuals differs to due experiances
- studied the (ng) sound
- found class was the biggest determiner for the non-standard use of the (ng) compared to gender
- Peter Trudgill
- Professor of sociolinguistics at a University in Switzerland
- found it was mostly working class people to alter the velar nasal -ing to the alveolar /n/.
- Social practice theory
- Studied jocks and burnout at a school in America
- jocks language was more prestigious middle class due to interaction with more students and teachers
- Jocks critical of burnouts lack of grammar and use of swearing
- jocks language was more prestigious middle class due to interaction with more students and teachers
- Penelope Ekert
- Professor of linguistics at the university of Stanford, California
- Studied jocks and burnout at a school in America
- Burnouts spoke in a more urban style do to be isolated to that group
- Burnouts were critical of Jocks and saw them as being mirrors of their parents with little individuality
- Studied jocks and burnout at a school in America
- jocks language was more prestigious middle class due to interaction with more students and teachers
- Jocks critical of burnouts lack of grammar and use of swearing
- jocks language was more prestigious middle class due to interaction with more students and teachers
- established two types of language
- Restricted code- used by working class and consisted of short, simple and often grammatically incompetent sentences
- Elaborated code- more complex, grammatically complete sentences with use of wide range of adjectives and adverbs
- Basil Bernstien
- Work contributed to 'deficit model' where language used by working class is seen as lacking
- Linguist and reseacher
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