Judaism: Practices
All these mindmaps are the AQA revision guide condensed further so everything is very condesed and simple
I printed mine on A3 paper as i found it v difficult to use online and A4 was wayyy too small making the bubbles unreadable
Beware of the typos I was too lazy to fix them whoops
Enjoy the revison :)
- Created by: tidgywidgy
- Created on: 05-04-18 09:29
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- Judaism: Practices
- What is a synagogue?
- a space where Jews meet (community - worship + social clubs)
- Identified from the symbols on the building e.g. menorah or star of David
- "house of prayer or study"
- Orthodox = "shul" (school)
- Reform = "temple"
- interior features of a synagogue
- the prayer hall
- jews come together for communal worship and prayer
- rectangular in shape, with seats on 3 sides facing inwards toward the bidmah
- Might be decorated with patterns , symbols, scripture
- Images of god not allowed - goes against commandment
- The Ark
- cabinet at the front where Torah scrolls are kept (facing Jerusalem)
- Two stone slabs with 10 commandments above it
- holiest place in the synagogue
- Reched ny climbing up steps = God is above ask and the torah is above humanity
- Ner Tamid (ever-burning light)
- Above ark
- traditionally = oil lamp BUT now usually an electric light with emergency power source (power cut)
- God's presence = never put out = (omnipresent)
- Reminder that the menorah was lit every night in the temple in jerusalem
- Bidmah = reading platform
- Raised platform where the torah is read from in service
- focal pint = see and hear the reader
- the prayer hall
- Orthodox Judaism
- Traditional branch
- strictly follow the jewish law of the torah as it was given directly to moses by God
- men and women should have different roles
- all orthodox rabbis are male
- Reform Judaism
- progressive Judaism
- importance of individual choice upon how to worship and practice faith = torah is inspired by God, written by humans so can be adapted to modern life
- Men and women undertake the same roles
- Women = rabbi + part of the minyan
- public worship
- led by a rabbi, cantor, or member of congregation
- Orthodox services
- daily services in hebrew
- person leading has his back to the congregation, facing the ark
- men + women sit separate
- men always cover their heads by wearing a skill cap + women wear scarf = recognition = respect for god
- singing = unaccompanied
- Reform services
- do not often hold daily services (focus on shabbat + festivals)
- Service in hebrew and the country's own lang
- Person leading faces the congregation
- men + women sit together
- Services are shorter
- men + women wear skull cap
- singing = accompanied by instruments
- Tallit
- a prayer shawl made of wool or silk with a long tassel attached to each corner
- Jews are obeying Gods word whenever they wear it
- Tassels represent mitzvot
- Tefillin
- A pair of small leather boxes with extracts of the torah + the shame
- fastened to the centre of the forehead and the other in line with the heart
- reminds that they should fully concentrate on God and prayers should come from the heart
- Format of services
- opening prayers = prayers + psalms that praise + thank God
- Shema = recited + accompanied with blessings
- Amidah (standing prayer) = central prayer + said whilst facing Jerusalem
- 1st 3 blessings praise God + ask for mercy
- Middle 13 blessings ask for God's help
- final 3 blessings thank God + pray for peace, goodness, kindness + compassion
- Final prayer (Aleinu prayer) = praise + thanks to God
- Importance of prayer
- communicate with God
- communal prayer strengthens community
- closer to God
- strengthens knowledge of faith
- Shabbat is...
- a gift from God a day of rest = renewal
- a day god commanded jews to celebrate "keep the sabbath holy"
- celebrate Gods creation
- celebrate that God kept his covenant between him + Jews
- worship god + enjoy family life
- Shabbat in the synagogue
- Friday evening = shabbat welcomed to the synagogue
- service for children with stories, games + music
- Main service on saturday morning = longer than weekly services (includes Torah, a sermon + prayers)
- What happens:
- 1. The congregation stands when the ark is opened = revealing scrolls. Reminder of how the jews stood at the bottom of Mount Sinai
- 2. Torah is dressed with ornaments e.g. crown. Reminder of vestments worn by priests
- 3. Torah read + paraded round the synagogue. Reminder of the march the wilderness with the 10 commandments
- 4. As it passes, Jews touch it with their prayer book or prayer shall and then touch their lips. Reminder of "Gods words should be on their lips"
- The bar or bat mitzvah are important because...
- when a jew is seen to become an adult
- preparation brings jews closer to God + Community
- jewish boy is allowed to become part of the minyan
- expected to start to strictly follow jewish law = responsibility
- Shabbat celebrations
- lighting of candles
- wife lights 2 candles, b4 sunset on friday
- says a belling to ask god to bless the family
- family shares special meal (friday evening)
- parents bless children + recite Kiddish prayers whilst holding cup
- bread is blessed + passes around
- meal is long = relax + enjoy company
- Religious stories told or songs sung
- Ends with a prayer of thanksgiving for the food
- saturday
- Share another meal
- family spend time together + study the torah
- End of Shabbat = havdalah
- preformed at home after the sun has set
- blessing performed over wine, spices, and a candle with several wicks
- the spices and candle soothe + light the house after shabbat
- lighting of candles
- Worship at home
- expected to pray 3 times a day - traditionally stand to pray
- mezuzot - scroll verses in box on a doorpost that the jews touch as they pass = respect + obey jewish law
- orthodox homes = layout of kitchen (kosher)
- Sacred Writings
- Tenakh = written law
- the Jewish sacred scriptures (24 books)
- 3 main parts: the Torah. the Nevi'im the Ketuvim
- Talmud = the oral law
- a commentary by early rabbis on the torah
- how to interpret the torah and apply its laws to everyday life
- Two main parts: the Mishnah + the Gemara
- orthodox = torah + talmud are the source of all jewish laws
- Reform = don't regard it with the same authority so don't study it as much
- Tenakh = written law
- Ceremonies for newborn Jews
- Naming Ceremony
- Boys + girls in orthodox are blessed in the synagogue on the first shabbat after their birth
- Father recites torah blessing = good health for wife + baby (a girls name would be announced now)
- A boy will be named at his circumcision
- Reform = both parents take part + may not take place at the first sabbath
- introduces the baby to the community + God
- Brit Milah
- The ceremony happens when the boy is 8
- 1. Baby put on empty chair (symbolises prophet Elijah)
- 2. baby put on knee of the "companion of the child"
- 3. baby's father blesses son
- 4. A blessing is said over wine + the baby is named
- 5. The baby is circumcised
- 6. Festive meal to celebrate
- binding of the covenant "sign of the covenant between me and you"
- provides a life long reminder that they are gods chosen ppl
- Redemption of the 1st born son
- orthodox = give small amount of money 31 days after birth to "redeem" him from temple service
- 5 silver coins are given to a kohen (decedents of priests)
- comes from: " you shall have the first born of man redeemed"
- Naming Ceremony
- Bar Mitzvah
- first shabbat after 13th birthday, boy reads from the torah at a service in the synagogue (class to prepare for this)
- the boy wears a tall it for the 1st time, leads part of the service e.g. says prayer + makes a short speech
- The boy's father thanks God as he is now mature + responsible for his own actions
- Boy receives gifts at party
- Bat Mitzvah
- Reform Jewish girls have a celebration (similar to bar mitzvah)
- The girl reads from the torah, gives a speech + leads part of the service
- celebratory meal
- orthodox = mark bat mitzvah with a meal and gifts
- Marriage: Betrothal
- period of engagement (12 months) - only be broken by death or divorce
- do not live together - prepare for the future
- Mourning of the Dead
- 1. make a small tear in clothes. Blessing saying they accept Gods decision to take a life
- 2. buried 24hrs after death. Before death, the deceased soul is comforted. Close family are left to grieve without following jewish law
- 3. (shiva) lasts for 7 days. Mourners do not work but stay at home and pray three times a day (Kaddish - prayer of peace). Do not wear makeup or shave
- 4. for 30 days normal life resumes but mourners do not listen to music, go to parties, shave or cut hair (male mourners say kaddish daily)
- 5. final period of mourning lasts 11 months. Do not attend parties. Children say kaddish for a parent who has died
- 6. Formal mourning ends after a year. Children mark anniversary for parts death by lighting candle (burns for 24 hours)
- Jewish funeral
- 1. the body is washed + wrapped in cloth. Placed in a simple coffin as everyone is equal in death
- 2. Funerals do not take place in synagogue as it is for the living
- 3. The service includes prayers, scripture, + rabbi speech
- 4. After, hands washed = leaving death behind
- 5. jewish law: tombstones everyone is remembered
- Dietary laws
- found in Leviticus 11 + Deuteronomy 14
- kosher = acceptable
- trefah = unacceptable
- orthodox = strict as God tests their obedience
- Reform = outdated so it up to the individual
- Sabbat Preparations
- wine is on table + drank from kiddush cuo (symbolises joy)
- at least 2 candles on table ('remember' + 'preserve' shabbat)
- all work is prepared before Shabbat - to selcome Shabbat
- 2 loaves of challah bread are put on table - represent food God provided for Jews in wilderness
- importance of Synagogue
- Education
- have a library = improving understanding in faith and scripture
- may provide classes in hebrew = help young learn lang used in Jewish prayer
- helps to educate jews of all ages in their faith
- Worship + Prayer
- good to pray in a minyan ( 10 males)
- provides place for communal prayer + worship
- services regularly held
- School Activities
- provides a place to discuss matters that are important to the community
- variety of activities for a range of ages
- Charitable events
- Jews donate their time + money
- synagogues hold events + collect money
- Education
- What is a synagogue?
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