Japan - Population Case Study
- Created by: IssyCalderwood
- Created on: 12-03-19 17:47
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- Japan - Population Case Study
- Culture & History
- Children after marriage
- Take care of elderly
- Traditional & paternalistic, however, women in the workforce increased = population decreased
- Facts
- World population rank: 10th
- Population growth rate: 0.7%
- Life expectancy: 84 y/o
- Birth rate: 7.9/1000
- Death rate : 10.2/1000
- Fertility rate: 1.46
- Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 males/females
- Largest ethnicity: Japaese
- Largest city: Tokyo
- Physical environment & it's influence on population size & distribution
- Population: 126,670,000
- Density: 336.33 people/km2
- Land use: 75% mountains, 68% forest, 90.7% people live in cities
- What influences population size and distribution?
- 6,800 islands = 97% people on largest 4
- 127 mil 2016 compared to 92.5 mil in 1960
- Estimated to decrease to 108mil by 2050
- 93.5% pop. in urban areas = dense
- Overcome mountainous areas by terracing
- Climate varies - Tokyo = temperate
- North = temperate
- South = tropical
- Japanese summers = rain & typhoons
- Tokyo pop. dense = 6158 people/km2
- Mountainous regions = 100 people/km2
- Winter = mild, Summer = hot
- Japan= 40th most dense pop. country in world
- Dependency ratio: 67.47%
- Reasons for ageing popualtion
- Good healthcare, sanitation & living standards
- 10.2% GDP spent on healthcare 2013
- Low fat diets = lower obesity and heart disease problems
- Nuclear & hydroelectric power = cleaner air
- Contraception = accessible= decreasing fertility rates
- School = expensive = couples have less children
- No children before marriage = marriage is decreasing = less children
- 62% women not married, 72% men not married
- Women more equal = focused on careers = fewer children
- Ageing population impacts
- Positive
- Due to globalisation, secondary sector still very successful= more revenue brought in to support economy
- Less pressure on schools
- Increased demand for elderly leisure activities elderly = jobs created
- New robot technology to assist the elderly
- Negative
- Need 650,000 immigrants/year
- 25% budget on pensions & social security
- Economic growth hindered because demographic debt
- 40% Public spending on elderly
- Pressure on care workers = more workers
- 3.8mil elderly live alone w/ no family support
- Rising number of dementia
- Less tax paid to cover pensions
- Major industries may need to outsource to replace workers
- Lack of workers to keep economy afloat
- Positive
- Government responses
- "Angel Plan", 2000, increase birth rate by free child care + better working hours for women
- Encouraged immigration of skilled workers - 2.2 mil Japans pop = immigrants
- 'Womenomics' - pressure on companies to hire more women + give moe leadership roles
- Government raised retirement age to 70 (men & women)
- Government raised consumption tax from 5% to 10% to fund pensions, intend to raise another 5% in 2015
- Government encourage speed dating
- Fill the population void with robots
- Demography and culture
- 98.5% Japanese natives
- 1.5% other nations = not ethnically diverse
- Most of 1.5% come from China = 653,00
- Median age = 46.7
- By 2050 median age = 53.2
- Income = $48,324
- Culture & History
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