Intellectual developments

The social impact of religious and economic changes under Mary I

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  • Intellectual development, including humanist and religious thought
    • The reintroduction of Catholicism weakened the influence of humanism - Pope Paul IV regarded the Catholic humanist Erasmus as a heretic and banned Catholics from reading his books
    • Religious thought was largely centred on Catholic reform at a parish level. Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London, published 'A Profitable and Necessary Doctrine', which explained the faith in a straightforward manner, and a new book of homilies
    • Protestants, who were forced into exile, were divided in their thinking. Some were happy to use the 1552 Prayer Book and to operate within existing structures, while others wanted to move in a yet more radical direction.
    • SUMMARY: THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS AND ECONOMIC CHANGES
      • Although most of the country remained Catholic in sentiment, the shortness of Mary's reign, coupled with a delay in restoring the structure of the Catholic Church, meant that Mary was unable to restore Catholicism fully
      • Economic and social distress worsened under Mary I, culminating in severe hardship in 1556-58
      • Wyatt's Rebellion demonstrated that neither Mary's foreign marriage nor her religious reforms enjoyed universal support - the Kingdom remained divided

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