Unit Two Individual differences (abnormality)
General overiew of everything you need to know for unit two individual differences
- Created by: Kristina Wright
- Created on: 12-03-13 21:38
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- Individual Differences
- Treating Abnormality
- Biological Therapies
- Drugs
- Modifies working brain and changes mood and behaviour: Antiphyscotics, Tricyclics - treat depression, antidepressent drugs
- tackles symptoms not problems
- placebos act just as good as drugs symptoms may be psychological
- requires little effort from user
- A lot of evidence
- side effects
- Modifies working brain and changes mood and behaviour: Antiphyscotics, Tricyclics - treat depression, antidepressent drugs
- ECT
- small electric current passed over brain causing seizure
- ECT can save lives
- Effectiveness
- Sham ECT - placebo effect
- side effects
- small electric current passed over brain causing seizure
- Drugs
- Psychological Therapies
- Psychoanalysis
- Free association, dream analysis and projective tests looking at how conflict in the sub conscious is emerging in consciousness to identify the conflict and resolve it.
- Ethical issues
- not suitable for all disorders
- depend on client developing insight their condition not suitable for unwilling clients
- can be long lasting and expensive
- accepts the complexity of the human mind
- Free association, dream analysis and projective tests looking at how conflict in the sub conscious is emerging in consciousness to identify the conflict and resolve it.
- Systematic de-sensitisation
- Enables people to relax in presence of a stimuli stage by stage untill they overcome their phobia
- Appropiateness
- Effectiveness
- problem of symptom substitution
- reduced effctiveness for some phobias
- Enables people to relax in presence of a stimuli stage by stage untill they overcome their phobia
- Cognitive behavioural therapies
- therapist and client work together to identify situations and the negative reactions they produce. gives realistic perspective challenges irrational beliefs
- Psychoanalysis
- Biological Therapies
- Definitions and Explanations of psychological Abnormality
- Deviations from social norms
- The rules for how people should act in a given society. any behavior that is outside these norms is considered abnormal
- Susceptible to abuse
- Deviance is related to context and degree
- Cultural Relativism
- The rules for how people should act in a given society. any behavior that is outside these norms is considered abnormal
- Failure to function adequately
- where a person is seen to not be able to cope with the demands of everyday life.
- Who judges?
- Adaptive or Maladaptive?
- Cultural Relativism
- where a person is seen to not be able to cope with the demands of everyday life.
- Deviation from ideal mental health
- Focus es on the 'Normal' characteristics people should possess. Deviation is moving away from these norms
- Over demanding criteria
- Can we judge mental health the same as physical health?
- Cultural Relativism
- Focus es on the 'Normal' characteristics people should possess. Deviation is moving away from these norms
- The Biological Approach
- All behaviour is associated with changes in brain function: Physical Factors, Genetic Inheritance, Genes, Viral infection
- Lead to more humane treatments of people with mental disorders
- use of Brain scanning evidence is supportive
- Research in Genetics has shown an ingherited component that makes people more suceptible to problems
- drug treatments are effective
- Cause and effect - link can not be determined
- inconclusive Evidencee
- Reductionist
- All behaviour is associated with changes in brain function: Physical Factors, Genetic Inheritance, Genes, Viral infection
- Behavioral Approach
- Abnormality is seen as the development of behaviour patterns developed through conditioning or social learning
- treatments can be effective in treating phobias
- Counter Evidence
- Treats symptoms and not cause
- Reductionist
- Deterministic
- Abnormality is seen as the development of behaviour patterns developed through conditioning or social learning
- Cognitive Approach
- Abnormality is caused by faulty thinking - devised ABC model
- Clear Evidence
- Therapy is effective
- Blames patient rather than situation
- Consequence rather than cause
- irrational beliefs may be realistic
- Does not account for biological or genetic factors
- Abnormality is caused by faulty thinking - devised ABC model
- Psychodynamic Approach
- Assume s adult behaviour reflects complex dynamic interactions between conscious and unconscious processes
- Freud was first to suggest how our adult behaviour could be influenced by childhood experiences
- Freud was first to suggest importance of repressed material on behaviour
- over emphasis on sexuality
- use of case studies
- impossible to test
- Historical and cultural bias
- Assume s adult behaviour reflects complex dynamic interactions between conscious and unconscious processes
- Deviations from social norms
- Treating Abnormality
- Modifies working brain and changes mood and behaviour: Antiphyscotics, Tricyclics - treat depression, antidepressent drugs
- tackles symptoms not problems
- placebos act just as good as drugs symptoms may be psychological
- requires little effort from user
- A lot of evidence
- side effects
- Enables people to relax in presence of a stimuli stage by stage untill they overcome their phobia
- Appropiateness
- Effectiveness
- problem of symptom substitution
- reduced effctiveness for some phobias
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