A2 Psychology - Healthy Living
- Created by: Abby Killeen
- Created on: 22-04-15 10:43
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- Healthy Living
- Theories of health belief
- Locus of Control
- Internal (in control of life) External (fate)
- Wallston et al - MHLC scale; internal, powerful others + fate.
- Norman et al
- A - does LOC have an effect on health behaviour?
- S - 11632 welsh
- M - smoking, diet, exercise + alcohol questionnaire correlated with MHLC categories.
- R- Positive correlation
- C- LOC impacts health behaviour
- LOC - feel responsible - research to encourage health.
- Health Belief Model
- Severity, suseptibility, cues to action, benefits, cost affecting health behaviour.
- Becker
- A - HBM explain adherence asthma medication - mother to child
- S - 111 mums +kids mean age 31 + 8
- M - Mums belief correlated with medicates - 45 min interviews. 70% had blood test.
- R - Positive correlation -serious/belief/disruption Negative correlation - complain/disruption/chemist distance
- C - HBM - useful predictor of health behaviour
- Factors influence health behaviour - more benefits more likely.
- Self Efficacy
- Belief in ability - Bandura; based on past.
- Murray and Mcmillan
- A - Role of models - breast examination
- S - 391 woman Northern Ireland
- M - Q's on screening behaviour/health belief/health motivation/cancer knowledge/LOC/ emotional control/confidence
- R -Confidence = best predictor
- C - Self efficacy can predict health behaviours.
- Give practical achieveable ways to improve health behaviours.
- Locus of Control
- Methods of Health Promotion
- Media Campaign
- e.g. Anti Aids safe sex ad 1980's + Chip Pan Fires 1976-1984
- Cowpe
- A - effectiveness of media - chip pan fires
- S - 10 UK regions w/ TV
- M - Statistics 1976-1982 + Consumer surveys 1976-1983
- R - Chip pan fires reduced 7%-25%/ Overlap areas- less reduction/ awarness increase to 28%
- C - Media = reduced CPF's and increased awareness
- Media decreases unhealthy behaviour in a fast way but people can become desensitised.
- Legislation
- against the law e.g. mobiles + driving.
- Dannenburg
- A - Cycle helmet wearing in children
- S - 47 Schools
- M - Howard County; law Montgomary County; advert Baltimore County; neither. Q's on helmet usage, law knowledge etc
- R - HC increased to 37.5% helmet usage + 87% aware of law BC increased to 11.1% helmet usage
- C - operant conditioning - law = deterrent.
- Fear Arousal
- Create fear e.g. show smokers lungs.
- Janis + Feshback
- A - Fear arousal on emotion + behaviour
- S - US conneticut High School freshmen
- M - Strong Fear; gruesome tooth decay Mod Fear; less graphic Min Fear; Diagrams etc. Q's one week before, straight after + one week after lecture
- R - 36% min fear 8% Strong fear (improve oral hygiene)
- C- Works but stops when too strong.
- Too much off putting as focus on anxiety
- Media Campaign
- Adherence to Medical Regimes
- Reasons for Non-Adherence
- Unsure if medicine is working/side effects/thinking diagnosis is wrong
- Bulpitt
- A-Non-adherence High blood pressure medication
- M- identify physical + psychological effects of drug treatment e.g. well-being/hobbies etc
- R - Sleepiness, Impacted on hobbies + 8% sexual activity
- C - side effects outweigh benefits less likely to take.
- If costs of meds outweigh benefits rational to decision to not take is made
- Measures of Non-Adherence
- Can check adherence via asking (Self report), Check bottles to see if going down (behavioural) or test to see if symptoms are improving (physiological)
- Becker
- Self reports (45 min interview) and Physiological measures (70% had blood test) can be used to measure adherence
- Improving Non-adherence
- operant conditioning to encourage patients e.g. Funhaler
- Watt et al
- A- funhaler can improve kids adherence
- S- 32 Australian children
- M - Week 1; inhaler Week 2; Funhaler. Questionnaire end of each week.
- R - 38% more w/ funhaler
- c - Child friendly features improves childs adherence
- Operant conditioning works in improving adherence.
- Reasons for Non-Adherence
- Theories of health belief
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