Health Promotion G543
- Created by: Kearnsi
- Created on: 10-10-15 10:31
View mindmap
- Health Promotion- G543
- Theories of Health Belief
- Locus of Control
- Brief overview- whether people think they can control themselves or whether the case is out of their hands
- Wineman (1980)
- Cognitive
- Investigate locus of control, body image and weightloss in obese individuals
- 116 adult caucasian particpants
- 12 male, 104 female
- 3 self report questionaires completed by particpants
- 1st- DEMOCRATIC DATA QUESTIONAIRE- age, sex and age onset of obeisity
- 2nd- ROTTER'S SCALE- 29 forced questions on beleifs that would imply either internal or external control
- 3rd- SECORD & JOURNARD'S likert rating scale out of 5 as to whether they were satisfied with different parts of their body
- Concludes- external cues influence eating habits but may not reflect in a person's beliefs about locus of control
- evaluated Rotter's scale as being not very suitable in regards to eating habits
- Rotter (1966)
- Cognitive
- Review article
- 6 articles individual perceptions of ability to control outcomes based on reinforcement
- Participants who thought that they had control were better at dealing with potential threats
- Concluded that our locus of control would affect all of our behaviour- not just health related
- External locus of control = individual believes that their behaviour is guided by fate, luck, or any external force
- Internal locus of control = individual believes that their behaviour is controled by their personal decisions
- Self-Efficacy
- Brief overview- how effective they think they will be in successfully changing their behaviour
- Confidence in your ability to sustain the bahaviour
- Bandura's Theory
- sources affecting self efficacy
- social persuations
- encouragements/ discouragements
- Experience
- vicarious experience= "if they can do it, I can do it"
- physiological factors
- shakes, pain, "butterflies in stomach", nausea. perception of these may change the person's belief in themselves
- social persuations
- sources affecting self efficacy
- Bandura and Adams(1977)
- analysis of self-efficacy theory behind behavioral change
- Patients with snake phobias
- Self selecting from advert in newspaper
- 9 females, one male
- aged 19-57
- Controlled quasi experiment
- Pre-testing- assesed avoidance behaviours towards a boa constrictor
- Fear arousal measureed on a 1-10 oral rating scale
- self report efficacy expectations- whether they would be able to carry out certain behaviours
- during -desensitization- patients introduced to different situations with snakes and taught relaxation techniques
- After- both behaviour and self-efficancy was taested after
- Fear arousal measureed on a 1-10 oral rating scale
- during -desensitization- patients introduced to different situations with snakes and taught relaxation techniques
- After- both behaviour and self-efficancy was taested after
- Self efficacy rose after treatmen as well as behaviour involving snakes
- The Health Belief Model
- Brief overview- Predicts whether behaviour will be changed, based on multiple factors
- Considers benefits and barriers of adopting the health behaviour
- Things that effect whether a person will change their behaviours- dependent on perception
- Threat of illness
- Severity
- suseptability
- Potential benefit or efficacy of adopting the behaviour
- Barriers
- Physical, psychological, financial or other
- A cue to change behaviour
- Internal- seeing a change in your health such as struggling to breath
- External- such as a media capaign
- All of these mentioned factors make the persona aware- they must be conscious of the change
- Threat of illness
- Becker and Rosenstock 1978
- Cognitive
- use HBM to explain mothers' adherance to asthma medical regime for their children
- 111 mothers participated- 94% of which were black
- Self report + covert blood tests taken of children to varify the answers of the mothers
- mothers complied despite a) limited efficacy of the treatment, b) their child still ended up needing other medical assistance despite the medical regime
- Locus of Control
- Changing Health Behaviours Studies
- Dannenberg et al (1993)
- Questionnaires contain a 4 point likert scale on topics such as
- Bicycle use, helmet ownership, use, awareness of law, sources of info about helmets and peer pressure
- Aim- review the impact of the passing of a law requiring cycle helmet wearing children
- Findings
- Response rates were between 41 and 53 %
- In Howard county
- helmet use increased from 11.4% to 357% after the law came in
- Both were higher than the control group
- helmet use increased from 11.4% to 357% after the law came in
- Montgomery county- educational campaigns
- increased from 8.4% to 12.6%
- Both were higher than the control group
- increased from 8.4% to 12.6%
- children from 47 schools in Howard County + control groups from Montgomery county and Baltimore county
- Montgomery- already campaign for cycle safety
- Total of 7322 children were sent the questionaires
- Law was changed in Howard County- children under the age of 16 HAVE to wear a helmet at all times
- Questionnaires contain a 4 point likert scale on topics such as
- Janis and Feshbeck (1953)
- Effect of fear arosal
- Based on dental hygiene
- Lab experiemnt = showing people varying strength of graphic images
- Follow up rating scales to ask whether fear arousal had changed their health behaviour
- Participants
- 200 students from the same high school
- 4 groups
- one control group
- high fear arousal
- medium fear arousal
- low fear arousal
- 4 groups
- 200 students from the same high school
- Findings
- minimal fear arousal caused most change (36%)
- strongest fear arousal caused the least change (8%)
- minimal fear arousal caused most change (36%)
- Conclusion
- High fear arousal does not necessarily lead to increased levels of change in behaviour
- Effect of fear arosal
- Cowpe (1989)
- Chip pan fire study - researching the effect that TV campaigns had on changing health bahaviours
- two adverts shown on TV in the 70s in different areas in England
- Shown from January- March, then not shown for the rest of the year
- Opportunity sampling of people who watched the advert
- Actually gathered data of the whole areas involved in the study
- Results
- Not all of the data was sucessfully gathered as information taken from the fire brigades was unavailable for some of the years
- In the years between 1976 and 19882
- 7% decrease in chip pan fires in central areas
- 25% decrease in Granada area
- In 1976 results showed that the effect of the adverts were diminishing by August (around 4/5 months after the adverts stopped)
- Adverts had little effect on places that already had low levels of chip pan fires
- Areas where there were overlap, the adverts had less of an effect on the decrease in chip pan fires
- 19% reduction in chip pan fires in areas with no overlap
- 9% decrease in areas with overlap.
- 19% reduction in chip pan fires in areas with no overlap
- Conclusion
- There is a casual relationship between advertising and the reduction of chip pan fires
- Shows the diminishing effect of adverts over time
- Advertising is effective in reducing injuries, deaths and is cost effective as it saves the authorities money in the long run
- There is a casual relationship between advertising and the reduction of chip pan fires
- Cognitive and behavioral approach/ perspetive
- Dannenberg et al (1993)
- Theories of Health Belief
Similar Psychology resources:
Teacher recommended
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made