Gender Theorist Revision
- Created by: Elisha01
- Created on: 02-05-19 10:25
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- Gender Theorist Revision
- Phonology
- Howard Giles
- Accommo-dation Theory
- Suggests we adjust our speech to accommodate who we are speaking to
- Divergence: speech styles move closer
- friendly/ positive connotations
- Convergence: speech styles move further apart
- negative connotations?
- Accommo-dation Theory
- Tudgill
- Accent and Dialect
- women use more standard forms than men in all social classes
- women more sensitive to prestige forms in formal situations
- positive prestige associated with upper classes
- negative prestige associated with lower classes
- women correct their speech to match class above
- hyper-correction: often introduced to avoid vulgarity / informality
- women's sensitivity to linguistic forms is linked to their insecure social position
- women over report. men under report
- Accent and Dialect
- Mark Newbrook
- West Wirral Study
- women hyper-correct and avoid scouse syllables
- West Wirral Study
- Lakoff
- suggests women use more question intonations for declaratives
- suggests they are tentative
- suggests women use more question intonations for declaratives
- Macaulay
- Glasgow Study
- older women use more prestige forms
- Glasgow Study
- Howard Giles
- Lexis
- forms of address used
- Robin Lakoff
- adjective choice
- women use 'empty' adjectives
- eg. nice, lovely
- women use 'empty' adjectives
- intensifiers used
- eg. I'm SO glad
- women use fewer taboo forms
- adjective choice
- Jenny Cheshire
- reading study
- women use more Standard English
- reading study
- Sydney Eisikovits
- girls avoid multiple negation & taboo
- Grammar
- Tag Questions:
- Lakoff
- see it as a hesitancy and tentativeness
- Lakoff
- Commands & Modals
- boys use more aggravated directives & explicit commands
- boys groups are more hierarchical than girls
- eg. "get off my steps"
- girls use more mitigated directives
- boys groups are more hierarchical than girls
- eg. "let's go"
- boys use more aggravated directives & explicit commands
- Tag Questions:
- Discourse
- Zimmerman & West
- men overlap and interrupt women
- men delay minimal response
- signals a lack of interest
- men delay minimal response
- men overlap and interrupt women
- Jennifer Coates
- women overlap and share turns (duetting)
- Leet-Pellengrini
- men select topics and dominate
- Soskin & John
- men are more verbose in married heterosexual interactions
- Zimmerman & West
- Pragmatics
- Spencer
- difference model
- society has different expectations of men and women
- difference model
- Tannen & Cameron
- difference model
- men and women are different so use language differently
- Holmes
- women give compliments based on appearance
- Brown & Levinson
- face theory
- positive and negative face
- face threatening acts
- face theory
- difference model
- Spencer
- Phonology
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