GCSE Biology - Ecology
The whole of the ecology chapter in moderate detail.
- Created by: archfoulk
- Created on: 11-02-19 16:44
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- ECOLOGY
- Ecosystems
- Relationships
- All the organisms living in a habitat as well as the non-living parts of the habitat
- Individual organisms
- Populations - groups of individuals of the same species
- Communities - many populations in the same habitat
- Stable community
- All of the species and environmental factors are in balance so population size stay constant
- Tropical rainforest and oak woodlands are examples
- Adaptions
- Factors affecting communities
- Abiotic - Non- Living
- Light intensity
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Soil pH
- Mineral content
- Wind
- CO2 levels
- O2 levels
- Biotic - Living
- Food
- Predators
- Disease
- Competition
- Abiotic - Non- Living
- Enable organisms to survive in their habitat
- Structural, behavioural or functional
- Organisms that live in extreme conditions are extremphiles like bacteria
- Factors affecting communities
- Relationships
- Cycles and feeding relationships
- Recycling materials
- All materials in the living world need to be recycled to be used again in future organisms
- Carbon cycle describes how carbon is recycled in nature. It relies on decomposer
- Water cycle describes how fresh water circulates between living organisms, rivers and the sea.
- Feeding relationships
- Shown in food chains
- All food chains begin with a producer (which makes molecules)
- Producer is usually a plant which makes glucose by photosytheis
- Producers are eaten by primary consumers which may be eaten by secondary, then tertiary.
- Consumers that eat animals are predators
- Animals eaten by others are prey
- Top consumers are apex predators - carnivores who aren't prey
- No. prey + predators rise and fall in a stable community
- Recycling materials
- Disrupting ecosystems
- Biodiversity
- Variety of all the different species of organisms on Earth
- High biodiversity helps ecosystems to be stable because of interdependence
- Factors putting biodiversity at risk
- Water availability
- Temperature
- Atmospheric gases
- Change due to...
- Season changes
- Geographic activity
- Human interaction
- Pollution
- Pollution
- Kills plants and animals which reduces biodiversity
- As human population increases waste does too
- Can occur..
- In water
- From sewage
- From fertilisers or toxic chemicals
- In air from gases
- On land from landfill
- Overexploiation
- Taking too many resources puts biodiversity at risk
- Building, quarrying, farming and dumping take land from organisms
- Deforestation
- Global warming is an increase in the Earths temperature
- Global warming causes...
- Loss of habitat by flooding
- Changes in distribution of species
- Changes to migration patterns
- Temperature increase
- Sea level rise
- Conserving biodiversity
- Scientists and governments have tried to reduce pollution and overexploitation to help maintain biodiversity
- Methods of maintaining biodiversity include...
- Breeding programs
- Protecting rare habitats
- Encouraging farmers to keep field margins and hedgerows
- Reducing deforestation
- Reducing CO2 emissions
- Recycling resources rather than landfill
- Biodiversity
- Ecosystems
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