Functional Groups
- Created by: Bilalmah
- Created on: 13-11-19 16:53
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- Functional Groups
- Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes
- Single bonds
- Saturated as no carbon double bonds
- only carbon and hydrogen
- General Formula of CnH2n+2
- Flammable and produced in industry
- Catalytic Cracking and thermal cracking of large hydrocarbons like decane into smaller ones like butane and an alkene like ethene
- Fractional distillation
- Can have isomers
- Single bonds
- Alkenes
- Produced in industry
- CnH2n
- Contains a carbon double bond
- Unsaturated
- Makes bromine water turn colorless
- Unsaturated
- Can have isomers by E/Z isomerism
- Alkynes
- Triple carbon bond
- CnH2n-2
- Contains only carbon and hydrogen
- Alkanes
- Alcohols
- -OH Group
- An alkane with one of its hydrogens removed and replaced with an oxygen and hydrogen (-OH)
- Made by 2 ways
- Fermentation
- Use glucose and a catalyst which is yeast
- Produces ethanol and also carbon dioxide which are the holes in bread and cheese
- C6H12O6---->2C2H5OH + 2CO2
- Produces ethanol and also carbon dioxide which are the holes in bread and cheese
- An impure method
- Takes a long time
- A batch process (inefficient)
- Old method of using sugar cane and is renewable
- Use glucose and a catalyst which is yeast
- Hydration of ethene
- Efficient
- Pure ethanol obtained
- Adding water to ethene
- C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
- Used in industry a lot
- C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
- Very quick
- Fermentation
- Can have isomers
- Uses
- Spirits and drinks
- Solvents
- Carboxylic acids
- Have a COOH bond
- Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also single bonded to another oxygen single bonded with hydrogen
- Hydrogen in bond can be displaced by a more reactive cation like sodium (Na)
- Carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also single bonded to another oxygen single bonded with hydrogen
- A weak acid
- Does not ionise completely
- Used to make esters by combining it with alcohol to form ester and water
- Known as esterification
- Natural
- Used in amino acids
- Proteins
- DNA
- Fatty acids
- Lipids and fats
- For life essentials
- Used in amino acids
- Proteins
- DNA
- Used in amino acids
- For life essentials
- Lipids and fats
- Used in amino acids
- Have a COOH bond
- Esters
- Have a COO bond
- In the middle
- Connected on one side to either an aryl or alkyl group and the other side is alkyl or aryl group
- In the middle
- Uses
- Preservatives
- Solvents in perfumes and scents
- Untitled
- Have a COO bond
- Hydrocarbons
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