Factors influencing coastal landscapes
- Created by: EEC2145
- Created on: 19-01-23 14:31
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- Coastal landscape system factors
- Geology
- Consolidated (hard) rock
- On a discordant coastline alternate bands of these rocks cause the formation of headlands and bays
- Erodes slower than soft rock.
- Landforms
- Geos
- Blowholes
- Caves, arches stacks, stumps
- Shore platforms
- Limestone, chalk, granite
- unconsolidated (soft) rock
- On a discordant coastline alternate bands of these rocks cause the formation of headlands and bays
- Clay, sandstone
- More soft rock is more likely to cause mass movement
- Mass movement affects the amount of sediment on beaches
- Increases the amount of sediment in the sediment budget
- The type of rock affects how quickly the coastline erodes - influencing erosional and depositional landforms.
- Lithology - what it's made of
- Structure - how it's put together and its properties
- Consolidated (hard) rock
- Wind
- Aeolian processes can carry fine sediment to cause depositional landforms of sand dunes.
- Affects landforms like spits
- Wind approaching the coast at an angle causes waves to do the same
- Waves approach the shore at an angle pushing the sediment along the beach for it to get dragged directly back under gravity, repeat and the sediment moves along the coastline
- Wind approaching the coast at an angle causes waves to do the same
- Closely linked together
- Erosion from aeolian processes
- Waves are caused by the friction of wind over the water
- When wind drops, deposition of sediment occurs.
- Transports sediment on the beach
- Sand dunes!
- Waves
- Closely linked together
- Affects landforms like spits
- Wind approaching the coast at an angle causes waves to do the same
- Waves approach the shore at an angle pushing the sediment along the beach for it to get dragged directly back under gravity, repeat and the sediment moves along the coastline
- Wind approaching the coast at an angle causes waves to do the same
- Causes longshore drift
- Tombolos
- Large cause of erosion
- Hydraulic action
- Water is forced into cracks and faults in the cliff face, the force of it widening the crack until a part breaks off
- Abrasion
- Rocks and sediment carried crashes against the cliff eroding it causing more rock to break off
- Attrition
- The sediment carries crashes into other parts, eroding them
- Solution
- Chemically eroding rocks through the salt water
- Hydraulic action
- Mostly causes erosional landforms
- Caves, stacks etc.
- Wave cut notches - shore platforms
- Geos
- Blowholes
- Tombolos
- Constructive or destructive
- Tides
- Neap tide - REALLY low tidal range
- Sun and moon are at right angles
- High erosion in the tidal range
- Spring tide - REALLY high tidal range
- Sun and moon aligned
- Low erosion as it is spaced out over a long distance
- Can create a steeper beach gradient
- When tide is out aeolian processes can occur
- Moves sediment with it
- Deltas and Salt marshes
- Neap tide - REALLY low tidal range
- Currents
- Rip currents
- Transports and deposits sediment
- Drags sediments off the beach
- Ocean currents
- Increases weathering by bringing warmer weather
- Moves sediment round the world
- Rip currents
- Geology
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