Coasts 1. How can coastal landscapes be viewed as systems?
- Created by: DanBish
- Created on: 04-05-22 11:34
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- How can coastal landscapes be viewed as systems
- Coastal
landscapes can be
viewed as systems
- Input -> Store -> Output -> Feedback to Input
- Coast is open system - Energy and material enter and leave (Kinetic, Potential, Thermal)
- Coastal
landscape systems
are influenced by a
range of physical
factors
- Wind
- Differential in energy input from sun at poles compared to equator
- Movement of air via circulation cells causes wind
- Longer fetch = more energy = more erosion
- Swash = wind pushing wave up beach, Backwash= gravity pulling it down
- Waves
- Formed if wind speed higher than speed of capillary wave
- Plunging = Medium height, steep slope Spilling = Large height, gentle slope, Surging = Small height, very steep slope
- Constructive waves build up beaches (strong swash), destructive erode (strong backwash)
- Tides
- Moon pulls water towards it, high tide and in between there are low tide
- Spring tide is when Moon, Sun and Earth lined up - highest tide - and Neap tide is when Moon, Sun and Earth at right angles - lowest tide.
- Tidal range is height between high tide and low tide at a point on the coast
- Geology
- Lithology is rock type + physical properties
- Erosion - Resistant rocks are strong, resisting erosion, non resistant rocks are weak, easily eroded
- Rocks containing calcium carbonate susceptible to chemical weathering, carbonic acid in sea water dissolves in rock
- Structure is jointing, bedding, faulting and permeability
- Joints are vertical cracks, bedding planes horizontal cracks, Faults are tectonic cracks, horizontal or vertical
- Primary permeability = small holes, secondary permeability = joints/ bedding planes
- Lithology is rock type + physical properties
- Currents
- Global currents caused by equator gaining more solar energy than poles
- Warm water flows from equator to poles on surface, cold water from poles to equator on floor
- Wind
- Coastal
sediment is
supplied from a
variety of source
- Terrestrial sources
- Fluvial (river) deposition
- Cliff weathering and mass movement
- Marine erosion
- Longshore drift
- Aeolian (wind) dsposition
- Marine Sources
- Marine deposition
- Human Sources
- Beach nourishment
- Terrestrial sources
- Coastal
landscapes can be
viewed as systems
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