Factors affecting human health mindmap
Single science spec
- Created by: DGL
- Created on: 08-12-20 12:57
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- Factors affecting human health 1
- DNA and Inheritance
- The nucleus contains all genetic information in our DNA.
- Genes are sections of DNA.
- DNA is coiled up into chromosomes
- Humans cells contain 46 chromosomes
- Sex cells (gametes) contain only 23 chromosomes
- A mutation is a change in the gene. This can result in a new characteristic or abnormalities.
- This change can be passed on through the gametes.
- Mutations are caused by radiation from sun, x-rays, and some chemicals
- Genetic screening can find out if mutations are present
- Humans cells contain 46 chromosomes
- The structure of DNA is twisted into a double helix.
- The two strands of DNA are connected by bases.
- Bases A + T join together Bases C + G join together
- The two strands of DNA are connected by bases.
- DNA is coiled up into chromosomes
- Genes are sections of DNA.
- Punnet squares explain genetic characteristics
- The gamete is always a single allele (one letter)
- genotype a pair of alleles (two letters) eg, BB
- Phenotype - characteristic you see
- Dominant alleles - capital letter, recessive small letter
- Characteristics such as colour of plants, eyes, hair, etc
- The nucleus contains all genetic information in our DNA.
- Lifestyle
- Our lifestyle directly affects our health
- Obesity
- When a person is very overweight with a high degree of fat
- caused by eating a poor diet, high in fat and carbohydrates. A balanced diet is needed.
- leads to heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and cancers
- input (calories eaten) are more than output (energy used).
- More energy is used when a person does more physical activity
- Energy is used throughout the day doing everyday activities
- caused by eating a poor diet, high in fat and carbohydrates. A balanced diet is needed.
- Food labelling
- nutritional information is now put on food labels
- These can be used to help people make best choice
- colour coded for ease - red - high, amber - medium, green - low
- These can be used to help people make best choice
- shown as per 100g of portion, or serving size
- GDA - guideline daily amounts are based on the average female
- too much salt - high blood pressure
- too little salt - muscle cramps
- GDA - guideline daily amounts are based on the average female
- nutritional information is now put on food labels
- When a person is very overweight with a high degree of fat
- Drugs
- Alcohol
- A depressant. Slows down reaction rate.
- Addictive - withdrawal is difficult
- Dangerous long term effects - liver disease (cirrhosis), heart disease, circulatory, cancers.
- Addictive - withdrawal is difficult
- A depressant. Slows down reaction rate.
- smoking
- 3 dangerous substances
- carbon monoxide - less oxygen able to circulate around the body
- tar - sticky black substance coats the lungs
- nicotine - addictive substance
- damages cilia in the lungs. mucus cannot remove tar, bacteria and dirt.
- Long term effects - many types of cancer - mouth, throat, lung. Emphysema - smoker is short of oxygen. COPD.
- 3 dangerous substances
- Alcohol
- DNA and Inheritance
- The nucleus contains all genetic information in our DNA.
- Genes are sections of DNA.
- DNA is coiled up into chromosomes
- Humans cells contain 46 chromosomes
- Sex cells (gametes) contain only 23 chromosomes
- A mutation is a change in the gene. This can result in a new characteristic or abnormalities.
- This change can be passed on through the gametes.
- Mutations are caused by radiation from sun, x-rays, and some chemicals
- Genetic screening can find out if mutations are present
- Humans cells contain 46 chromosomes
- The structure of DNA is twisted into a double helix.
- The two strands of DNA are connected by bases.
- Bases A + T join together Bases C + G join together
- The two strands of DNA are connected by bases.
- DNA is coiled up into chromosomes
- Genes are sections of DNA.
- Punnet squares explain genetic characteristics
- The gamete is always a single allele (one letter)
- genotype a pair of alleles (two letters) eg, BB
- Phenotype - characteristic you see
- Dominant alleles - capital letter, recessive small letter
- Characteristics such as colour of plants, eyes, hair, etc
- input (calories eaten) are more than output (energy used).
- More energy is used when a person does more physical activity
- Energy is used throughout the day doing everyday activities
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