physics- power stations mindmap 2017
- Created by: Tasha24_x
- Created on: 11-01-18 18:03
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- energy resources
- solar power station
- there we almost 2000 wind turbines currently operating in the uk supplying enough electricity to power over a million homes
- this was only about 1.5% of the uk supply
- almost 600 more were under construction which would raise the supply to that required by 2 million homes
- kinetic(wind)--> kinetic(turbine) --> electric
- the amount of sunlight received by he earth each day is about 6000 times all the energy usuage of mankind in that time
- there are 2 ways we can use the energy from the sun
- thermal (hea)- solar thermal
- radiation (light)- photovoltaic
- some older solar panels that you see are solar thermal they us the thermal energy rm the sun to provide warmer water.
- photovoltaic material can absorb radiation and transform itdirectly into electricity
- they work on cloudy days
- if you generate too much energy - store it in batteries in your house or - sell it back to the national grid
- methane fired power station
- methan fired power stations supply about 35% of UK electricity
- wave power station
- can be in-shore and off-shore
- the only wave power station is in Islay in Scotland
- generating enough electricity for about 300 homes
- kinetic(water)--> kinetic(air)-->kinetic(turbine)--> electric
- the roughest seas occurred in winter wind
- coal fired power station
- they supply about 35% of uk electricity.
- they have a start up time of a couple days but then usually work 24/7
- since 1980s most uk coal mines have been closed because methane was cheaper
- the last underground coal mine in the uk was closed in 2015
- over 45 years ago almost every house in the uk was heated by coal fires
- the last underground coal mine in the uk was closed in 2015
- geothermal power station
- heat from the ground. there are ground source heat pumps and geothermal power stations
- ground source heat pumps are small scale devices for households
- energy is transferred from a very large ground area into a much smaller house giving a significant temperature rise.
- the heat exchanger requires less energy than a conventional heating system
- large scale devices
- they are only viable in certain areas of the world that are geologically active
- thermal--> kinetic (steam)--> kinetic(turbine)--> electric
- peat fired power station
- Ireland does not have methane, coal or oil
- peat only has about 1/4 of the chemical energy as the same amount of coal
- combusting fossil fuels in power stations generates about 70% the electricity in the UK
- we combust them because they are relatively cheap and contain large amounts of chemical energy that is easily transformed
- tidal power station
- need a step sided river estuary with a high tidal range
- river estuaries are usually near centres of population and industry
- gravitational potential --> kinetic (water)--> kinetic (turbine)--> electric
- need a step sided river estuary with a high tidal range
- biomass power station
- uses plant materials as fuels
- normall trees
- can be any plant materials that can be combusted
- eg- straw
- Untilants are carbon neutraltled
- uses plant materials as fuels
- nuclear power station
- they generate about 20% of the electricity in the UK
- there is a long start up time of several days, they usually work 24/7
- the nuclear fuel is either uranium or plutonium
- it is imported and non-renweable
- although referred to as a fuel it is not combusted
- a process called nuclear fission releases energy from the "fuel"
- at the end of their workin lives, nuclear power stations are decommissioned
- this means they are dismantled and the remaining nuclear fuel and nuclear waste is removed
- hydroelectric power station
- they need steep sided river valley which are often far from centres of population
- only provides about 2% of the UKs electricity
- thy produce no greenhouse gas emissions
- gravitational potential --> kinetic(water)--> kinetic (turbine) --> electric.
- short start up time
- they are switched on at times of peak demand
- at low demand, electrical energy is used to pump the water back up to the higher reserves
- oil fired power station
- many were built in the 1970s when oil was cheap but a soaring oil price meant that they were hardly used and are now being decommisioned
- there are 20 years of reserves left in the uk
- after that we will have to import oil
- oil is used in many forms of transport
- cars, petrol
- lorries and trains, diesel
- aeroplanes, kerosene
- ships, fuel oil
- combustion of these different fractions of oil leads to CO3 emissions
- as well as many other airborne pollutions!!
- combustion of these different fractions of oil leads to CO3 emissions
- oil is used in the petrochemical industry making a vast array of different polymers
- solar power station
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