Effects of smoking
- Created by: Remya Salimkumar
- Created on: 27-05-15 15:31
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- EFFECTS OF SMOKING
- ON GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM
- TAR
- settles on lining of airways and alveoli
- increases diffusion distance
- chemicals can cause allergic reaction
- causes smooth muscle to contract
- lumen gets smaller, less airflow to alveoli
- causes smooth muscle to contract
- destroys cilia
- unable to move mucus
- stimulates goblet cells to enlarge and produce more mucus
- bacteria and virus in trapped mucus multiply and block bronchioles
- unable to move mucus
- lungs more susceptible to infection
- likely to catch influenza or pneumonia
- Smoker's cough
- irritation of airways by mucus and blockage of air to alveoli leads to constant coughing.
- lining of airways and alveoli damge
- eventually replaced by scar tissue- thicker and less flexible
- smooth muscle thickens
- reduces lumen of airway
- eventually replaced by scar tissue- thicker and less flexible
- flow of air permanently restricted
- reduces lumen of airway
- lining of airways and alveoli damge
- irritation of airways by mucus and blockage of air to alveoli leads to constant coughing.
- frequent infections cause inflammation of linings, and damage of epithelium
- attracts white blood cells which release enzymes to digest parts of lining
- elastase damages elastic tissue
- alveoli do not recoil during exhalation to push air out
- bronchioles collapse trapping air in alveoli, causing them to burst
- alveoli do not recoil during exhalation to push air out
- elastase damages elastic tissue
- attracts white blood cells which release enzymes to digest parts of lining
- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- frequent infections cause inflammation of linings, and damage of epithelium
- attracts white blood cells which release enzymes to digest parts of lining
- elastase damages elastic tissue
- alveoli do not recoil during exhalation to push air out
- bronchioles collapse trapping air in alveoli, causing them to burst
- alveoli do not recoil during exhalation to push air out
- elastase damages elastic tissue
- attracts white blood cells which release enzymes to digest parts of lining
- CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
- EMPHYSEMA
- combination of diseases including CB, EMPHY, and asthma
- EMPHYSEMA
- frequent infections cause inflammation of linings, and damage of epithelium
- bacteria and virus in trapped mucus multiply and block bronchioles
- contains carcinogens
- LUNG CANCER
- settles on lining of airways and alveoli
- TAR
- ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- NICOTINE
- is addictive
- smoker becomes dependent on it
- mimics action of neurotransmitter
- nervous system more sensitive
- smoker more alert
- nervous system more sensitive
- releases adrenaline
- increases heart and breathing rate
- constricts arterioles
- raises blood pressure
- reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to extremities
- may need amputation
- makes platelets sticky
- clot THROMBUS
- may break free and block a narrow artery
- stroke
- may break free and block a narrow artery
- clot THROMBUS
- is addictive
- CARBON MONOXIDE
- combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
- reduces oxygen-carrying capactiy
- exercise leaves short of breath
- increases heart rate
- reduces oxygen-carrying capactiy
- damages lining of arteries (endothelium)
- high blood pressure adds to damage
- damage repaired by WBCs
- encourage growth of smooth muscle and deposition of fatty substances
- atheromas deposition in artery walls- atherosclerosis
- build up may lead to lining eventually breaking
- forms plaque
- artery wall rougher and less flexible
- reduces size of lumen and reduces blood flow
- artery under too much pressure
- bursts -haemorrhage
- stroke
- bursts -haemorrhage
- reduced blood flow to heart muscles- less O2
- leads to CHD
- angina
- heart attack or myocardial infarction
- heart failure
- leads to CHD
- artery under too much pressure
- blood cannot flow smoothly
- RBC may stick to fatty deposits
- clot THROMBUS
- may break free and block a narrow artery
- may break free and block a narrow artery
- clot THROMBUS
- RBC may stick to fatty deposits
- forms plaque
- build up may lead to lining eventually breaking
- atheromas deposition in artery walls- atherosclerosis
- encourage growth of smooth muscle and deposition of fatty substances
- damage repaired by WBCs
- high blood pressure adds to damage
- combines with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin
- NICOTINE
- ON GAS EXCHANGE SYSTEM
- LONG TERM
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