Educational attainment and class
- Created by: chlopayne
- Created on: 17-04-19 15:02
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- Educational attainment and social class
- Material deprivation
- Lack of money to buy resources, which can help with education.
- Sociologists
- Smith & Noble (1995) found poorer parents couldn't afford additional resources.
- Families able to afford resources can lead to children being isolated and bullied.
- Leon Feinstein (2003) linked poor nutrition and educational underachievement.
- Real (2005) found working class children applied for the closet Universities rather than educational quality.
- Smith & Noble (1995) found poorer parents couldn't afford additional resources.
- Poor quality housing means children take more absences.
- Marketisation of schools mean disadvantaged children are in a unpopular schools.
- Older working class children work part time to support their studies.
- Once at University, students from poorer backgrounds suffer material disadvantages that affect their capacity to study.
- EMA was introduced to stop older children working to support their studies and support parents by removing the pressure of paying for education.
- Cultural deprivation
- Based on the assumption that working class are not as good as the middle class.
- Sociologists
- Bernstein - restricted language code. Non-standard grammar, simplistic sentences + informal English.
- Douglas (1960) said working class parents don't value education.
- Blackstone + Mortimore argue that research hasn't measured parental interest in education properly.
- Cultural capital
- Pierre Bordiou 1970 claims middle class people possess knowledge and use it to benefit their children.
- Schools are middle class institutions run by middle class.
- Working class and ethnic minority children may lack these qualities and have less chances to succeed in education.
- Sociologists
- Ball (1994) showed middle class parents are able to use their cultural capital to play the system, children accepted into schools of their choice.
- West and Hind (2003) found interviews were used to exclude certain types of families.
- Labelling theories
- Government has taken on the concept, maybe easier to blame teachers for low expectations than to address issues in wider society.
- Criticised by Mirza and others claim that children can and do reject negative labels.
- Sociologists
- Goodacre (1986) found working class children were under marked by teachers.
- Ball (1981) - schools stream children based on behaviour rather than ability.
- Britain is a class-based society. It is a myth that everyone has equal chance in society.
- Parents and attitudes to school: most parents want their children to do well in school.
- Parents recognise there is a link between a good education and good chances in life for children.
- Generally, people with higher levels of education have better health, live longer, occupy better quality housing and have more opportunities
- Parents recognise there is a link between a good education and good chances in life for children.
- Subcultures and peer groups
- Interactionists have worked with groups of children and found that children who find it difficult to succeed, reject the norms of the school.
- Jackson (2002) suggested laddish behaviour is a form of self worth protection, as a response to testing and emphasis of educational success.
- The curriculum and school organisation
- Sociologists have argued that what is actually taught in the curriculum disadvantages the working class.
- The knowledge they encounter at school doesn't connect with their own cultural experience.
- Schools in poor areas have less funding than schools in rich areas.
- Teachers have low expectations of poor pupils.
- Working class experience is invisible in the school curriculum.
- Cultural bias of hidden curriculum favours middle class.
- Government policies have emphasis the importance of differentiating between pupils to provide a personalised educational experience.
- Sociologists have argued that what is actually taught in the curriculum disadvantages the working class.
- Material deprivation
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