E15 case study
- Created by: daniella100
- Created on: 09-11-18 14:44
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- E15
- Location
- Iceland
- Low population density
- Island on the Mid Atlantic Ridge
- Most people live in the 7% of the island made up of fertile coastline
- >13% covered by snowfields & glaciers
- Tectonic setting
- Divergent margin & hot spot
- North American and Eurasian plates
- Sub-glacial stratovolcano
- Formed by eruptions beneath the surface of a glacier/ice sheet
- Eruption
- First on 20th March 2010
- Basic lava -> lava fountains & 200m high lava fall
- Second eruption on 14th April 2010
- Explosive, and ejected fine, glass-rich ash
- Erupted under the ice cap = heat melted the ice, which vaporised it
- Ice chilled the molten lava = fragmented into highly abrasive shards of ash
- First on 20th March 2010
- Effects
- Air space was closed for much of northern Europe
- 15th-20th April 2010
- 95000 cancellations of air travel
- £130 million/day to UK airlines
- Thick fluorine rich ash inhibiting plant growth and grazing of animals
- Road washed away by jokulhaup
- Zambia's flower/veg industry lost $150'000 a day
- Obama and others couldn't get to the President of Poland's funeral
- Other transport methods had a rapid increase in income
- Ferry, trains, car hire
- Foof imported = food prices increased
- Air space was closed for much of northern Europe
- Management
- Well monitored volcano
- Eruption was mainly foreseen because seismic activity increased
- GPS showed ground movement
- One farm moved south by 3cm
- Feb 2010, ground deformation was detected
- Suggest magma is moving towards surface
- Presently
- Eruption is usually a pre-cursor to Katla
- Katla is being monitored
- Increase seismicity/inflation of Katla has been measured
- Katla is statistically due for a new eruption
- Eruption is usually a pre-cursor to Katla
- Responses
- 800 people evacuated
- Comported reviews of restrictions of flights
- Could make monitoring of international airspace better
- Tourism industry increased
- Helicopter/bus/jeep tours to view eruption/volcano
- End of March 10000 people had visited the volcano
- No change to managemnt needed
- Hazards
- Primary
- Ash
- Lava flows 7 lave bombs
- Volcano releases 0.15 million tonnes of CO2
- Secondary
- Jokulhaups
- Primary
- Location
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