Dynamic Development: Ethiopia

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  • Dynamic Development: Ethiopia
    • Level of Development in Ethiopia
      • GNI/Capita= $505
        • Economy growing 2.6%/year
        • HDI: 165/188 countries worldwide
      • Primary sector education + labour
        • 89% of exports
          • Coffee
          • Oily Seeds
          • Vegetables and Legumes
        • 80% of all jobs
      • Population: 94 million in 11 million km²
        • 33% birth rate
        • 9% death rate
          • LE=63yrs
        • 28% of population with malnutrition
      • What has influenced Ethiopia's development?
        • Human Factors
          • Pre-1935
            • Was once called Abyssinia - avoided colonial rule.
          • 1935-41
            • Italy took control, but regained independence via rebels + Britain support
          • 1941-74
            • Years of unrest after WW2 led to a successful military coup by USSR in 1974.
          • 1974-87
            • 1.4 million died in the civil war, Derg government remained in power until 1987
              • 1977-78: the Ethiopian "Red Terror" - 50,000 people killed and 1.5 million relocated
          • 1984-85
            • Mid 1980s onwards: severe drought, eventual famine
              • 1984-85 Live Aid famine killed 1mill in 1 year, over $2000 mill in food donated.
                • Ethiopia is still food deficient.
          • 1991-2001
            • Became Federal Democratic Republic: free trade, farmers given benefits
          • 2001-Now
            • The Growth and Development Plan with MDGs is reducing poverty.
              • Since 2012, new training has increased crop yield for farmers.
        • Physical Factors
          • Climate
            • Unreliable Rainfall
            • Climate change altering monsoon and dry seasons
            • Eastern Areas = Drought, desertification Western Areas = Mild and Wet
          • Landscape
            • Central and Western = Mountainous
            • Soils are dry in lowlands and too soggy in highlands
              • Livestock limited to lowlands = desertification
            • Lowlands have mosquitos and malaria
              • Livestock at risk of disease or malnutrition
    • Rostow's Model
      • Ethiopia is in stage 1
        • Economy based on primary sector
        • Negative balance of trade
        • Low GNP
      • It is moving into stage 2
        • Government spending improving healthcare
        • Arrival of TNCs investing in their economy
        • Newer methods of agriculture is improving QOL
    • To what extent have the MDGs been achieved for Ethiopia
      • Eradicate extreme poverty + hunger
      • Achieve universal primary education
      • Gender Equaltiy
      • Global partnerships for development
      • Reduce Child Mortality
      • Improve maternal heath
      • Combat disease

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