DNA Technology, Classification and Diversity
- Created by: jessicawarren
- Created on: 24-05-16 19:26
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- DNA Technology, Classification and Diversity
- Clarifying Evolutionary Relationships
- New/improved technologies can result in new discoveries being made and the relationships between organisms being clarified
- Genome sequencing- Entire base sequence of organisms DNA can be determined. DNA base sequence of one organism compared to another.
- Closely related species have higher % similarity in DNA base order
- Has clarified relationship between skunks and members of Mustelidae family. Skunks were classified in Mustelidae until DNA sequence revealed to be significantly different. Classified into Mephitidae
- Comparing Amino Acid Sequence
- Related organisms have similar amino acid sequences in protein
- Cytochrome C short protein found in many species. More similar amino acid sequence of Cyto C, more closely related two species are
- Immunological Comparisons
- Similar proteins will bind to same antibodies.
- If antibodies to human version of protein added to isolated samples of other species
- Any protein thats like human one will also be recognised by that antibody
- Assessing Genetic Diversity
- Estimates of genetic diversity used to be made by looking at frequency of measurable or observable characteristics in a population
- Different alleles determine different characteristics so a wide variety of each characteristic indicates a high number of alleles i.e. a high genetic diversity
- Different alleles of same gene have slightly different DNA base sequences.
- Comparing DNA base sequences of same gene in different organisms allows scientists to find out how many alleles of that gene that there are in that population
- Different alleles will produce slightly different mRNA base sequences and may produce proteins with different amino acid sequences, which can also be compared
- New technologies can be used to give more accurate estimates of genetic diversity within population or species. Also allow genetic diversity of different species to be compared more easily
- Clarifying Evolutionary Relationships
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