DNA & RNA
- Created by: iloverevision:)
- Created on: 03-03-19 18:18
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- DNA & RNA
- DNA & RNA function
- DNA stores genetic information
- RNA transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
- Ribosomes read RNA to make polypeptides - proteins
- Nucleotide Structure
- Molecules of DNA & RNA are polymers of nucleotides
- Type of biological molecule that is made from 3 components
- Pentose sugar
- Nitrogen-containing organic base
- Phosphate group
- Monomers
- Polynucleotide Structure
- Many nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides
- Nucleotides join up via condensation reaction between phosphate group of 1 & sugar of another
- Forms phosphodiester bond
- chain is known as sugar phosphate backbone
- DNA structure
- Double-helix structure
- 2 separate strands wind around each other to form spiral
- Strands are polynucleotides
- made up of lots of nucleotides joined in long chain
- Strands are polynucleotides
- 2 separate strands wind around each other to form spiral
- DNA molecules are really long & coiled up very tightly
- DNA nucleotide structure
- made from phosphate group, pentose sugar deoxyribose & nitrogen-containing organic base
- each has same sugar & phosphate
- base on each can vary though
- 4 possible bases
- adenine
- thymine
- cytosine
- cytosine
- 4 possible bases
- base on each can vary though
- complementary base pairing
- 2 DNA polynucleotide strands join by hydrogen bonds between bases
- each base can only pair with 1 particular partner
- adenine always with thymine
- 2 hydrogen bonds form between
- cytosine always with guanine
- 3 hydrogen bonds form between
- always equal amounts of A & T and C & G
- adenine always with thymine
- each base can only pair with 1 particular partner
- 2 polynucleotide strands are antiparallel - run in opposite directions
- 2 antiparallel strands twist to form DNA double helix
- 2 DNA polynucleotide strands join by hydrogen bonds between bases
- Double-helix structure
- RNA Structure
- made of nucletodies that contain a sugar, a phosphate group & 1 of 4 bases
- nucleotides form polynucleotide strand with sugar-phosphate backbone
- sugar in RNA nucleotides is ribose sugar
- Uracil replaces thymine as a base
- nucleotides form single polynucleotide strand
- RNA strands are much shorter than most DNA polynucleotides
- made of nucletodies that contain a sugar, a phosphate group & 1 of 4 bases
- DNA & RNA function
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