Development


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  • Created by: ktmaria_x
  • Created on: 09-04-18 10:45
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  • Development
    • Industry
      • Primary-Extracting raw materials from the ground eg. mining/farming
      • Secondary-manufacturing a product using raw materials eg.factory work
      • Tertiary- providing services eg. teachers/police
      • Quaternary-research and development eg science/medical/IT (high education and money needed
      • LEDCS
        • majority employed in primary
        • India-50% in primary UK- 2% in primary
      • MEDCS
        • Majority in tertiary
        • Kenya-30% in tertiary USA-70% in tertiary
    • Factors affecting getting a job
      • Qualifications, sex, competition, nationality, capability, age, experience
    • Employment Structures
      • LEDCS
        • Early stages of development
        • Poor, low standard of living
        • Primarily primary industry
        • Subsistence farming
        • Sell raw materials like iron ore to MEDC’s but afford to buy anything in return
      • NICS
        • Continuing to develop
        • New machinery= number of people needed on farms reduced
        • People move to city for jobs in secondary industry
        • Richer than before- health, transport and education= increase in tertiary industry jobs
      • MEDCS
        • More economically developed
        • Many in tertiary
        • Still secondary industries but need fewer workers because of new machinery
        • Few in primary because they are rich enough to buy raw materials from other countries
          • Helps conserve resources and protect the environment
    • Typical industrial areas
      • Rundown. lack of services or investment,lots of pollution, derelict
        • located in liverpool, south wales, sheffield, newcastle- ship bulding,coal and steel mining and enineering. Hardly any in south divide
    • Why do MNCs want to locate in LEDCs
      • cheap labour-no minimum wage=more profit
      • Cheaper materials and transport
      • Host country government incentives
      • Fewer environmental laws-cheaper to dispose of waste
      • Fewer labour laws= more profit
      • Advantages
        • Brings work to country and uses local labour. More people have jobs= more money= better quality of life
        • Improves education and technical skills of people. Opens up other career opportuities
        • Brings investment and foreign currency= higher GDP= government have more money fro taxes to pay for services
        • Country becomes less reliant on one industry or product for trade
      • Disadvantages
        • all managerial and well paid jobs located in headquarters in MEDCs. Factory managers usually from MNC country
        • Money spent on communications for MNCs would be better spent on housing, sanitation and healthcare
        • Pollution caused by cheap waste disposal
        • Decisions made outside host country- MNC could pull out whenever and leave a negative mutiplier effect
        • Local labour force paid poorly and work in poor conditions
        • Mechanisation reduces siz e of workforce. Harder to get manual jobs
    • Problems with using wealth to measure development
      • easier to collect data from a rich country so poor country figures might be inaccurate
      • Data is only an average and doesn't tell you anuthing about inequality
    • Measures of Development
      • Gross National Income per Capita (GNI)
        • average income of each person in the country
      • Corruption Perception Index- measures amount of perceived government corruption
      • Gross National Product (GNP)
        • the value of everything a country produces- not an accurate figure of someones wealth
      • Human Development Index (HDI)
        • based on life expectancy, education and standard of living. Includes social and economic measures
      • Pros and Cons
        • Birth Rate- indicator of social progress-most developed countries. However, birth rates can be changed by government policies
        • Death Rate- shows how good healthcare is-indicates a good standard of living. However higher death rates can be expected a MEDCs have more older people because there is better healthcare
    • Factors affecting development
      • Physical-climate, Economic-debt=not much money for developent

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