Demography : Deaths

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  • Created by: mayono1
  • Created on: 30-05-18 12:30
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  • Deaths
    • Reasons for the decline:
      • Improved Nutrition
        • Thomas McKeown (1972) argues that it's halved the death rate and was important in reducing the number of deaths by TB.
          • However, McKeown doesn't explain how women live longer than men.
        • Better nutrition improves resistance to infection.
      • Medical Improvements
        • After the 1950's, antibiotics were introduced as well as immunisation, blood transfusion, improved maternity services etc.
      • Smoking and Diet
        • Harper says the reduction of smoking is the cause for the great fall.
        • However, obesity had replaced smoking as the new lifestyle epidemic in the 21st Century.
          • Harper suggests we're moving into an 'American health culture'.
      • Public Health Measure
        • The improvement of housing, purer drinking water, laws to combat the adulteration of food and drink and improved sewage disposal methods.
      • Other Social Changes
        • During the 20th Century there was : the decline of dangerous manual jobs, smaller families = less spreading of infection, greater knowledge of disease, lifestyle changes, higher incomes.
    • Life Expectancy
      • Death rates decreasing = life expectancy increasing. Males born in England in 1900 lived until 50. Males born in 2013 lived until 90.7.
      • Reasons for low life expectancy in 1900 was because of infant mortality etc.
    • Class, gender and regional differences
      • Women generally live longer than men.
      • People living in the North live shorter than in the South.
      • Working class men are 3 times more likely to die before 65.
      • Walker (2011) = people living in poorer areas of England die on average 7 years earlier.

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