Deontology

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  • Created by: vezting
  • Created on: 07-01-16 16:08
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  • Deontology
    • key concepts
      • deontology- certain moral actions are right or wrong in themselves
      • righrs- ab action is morally right if it respects the rights that all humans have EG no murder
      • Duty- an action is morally right if it is in line with a set of agreed duties or obligations EG free speech
      • contractualism- an action is morally right if it is in agreement with rules that govern social relationships Eg drive on correct side of road
      • divine command ethics- an action is morally right if it is in agreement with rules and duties established by God EG adultery
      • monoistic deontology- an action is morally right if it agrees with a single deontolgical principle which guides all other principles ED killing is wrong
    • Kant
      • his theory
        • we perform actions because it is morally obligatory
          • this is only correct motivation for action
            • therfire rules are not enough, we must have correct motivation
              • all people posess reason an conscience
                • all people can arrive at moral truths independent of experiences
                  • morality is a-priori because reason is universal and would lead to same results over and over
      • his argument
        • the universe is just
          • people will be rewarded/ punished in post-mortem existence
            • God's existence is necessary requirement of a just universe and for moral law to be balanced
              • true morality should not depend on individuals EG likes/dislikes or circumstances
                • moral commands should not have condditions attached
                  • they are of supreme importance
                    • if we act according to duty, we will act rightly
                      • duty is better than personal inclinations
    • W D Ross
      • Prima Facie duties
        • consequences are not only way to judge if action is moral
        • actions that really matter are important considerations of moral actions EG paying depts
        • prima facie duties are not ranked in order of importance
        • for each situation a different primer facie duty may be needed
          • judgment needed
      • strengths
        • motivation more important than consequences
        • humanitarian principle where all people are of equal value
        • provides objective guidlines for moral decisions
      • weaknesses
        • decision-making is influenced by many more factors
        • what is duty goes wrong?
        • kant makes no allowances for sympathy of emotion

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