Demography
- Created by: jesskeayy
- Created on: 20-04-17 16:57
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- Demography
- Reasons for different family forms
- High divorce rates
- Lower marriage rates
- Higher rates of cohabitation
- Sexual promiscuity
- Secularisation
- Reproductive technology
- Serparation
- Decrease in death rates
- Poverty- having a child to gain benefits and a council house, no contraception and boredom of unemployment
- Reasons for family change-
- Changing norms and values- decline in stigma in society surrounding birth outside of marriage, morality and sexuality
- Legal changes- Same-sex marriage, changes to tax rates, legal abortion, free contraception, divorce laws and the state benefits system
- Economics and family change- male job market in decline i.e. less males able to earn enough to be the breadwinner. Government/ EU policies encouraging women to work, children's use of pester power
- Flour & Bouchanan- marriage is no longer economically viable for women
- Changing technology- Medical technology- transport, entertainment, buildings, work technology, domestic work technology.
- Silva- technology connects us
- Gergen- technology fragments us
- Key Terms-
- Dependency Ratio- The relationship between the size of the working part of society and the non-working part
- Baby Boom- Rapid increase in the number of babies being born in a specific period of time
- Total Fertility Ratio- Average number of children a woman has during her fertile years
- Infant Mortality Rate- Number of infants that die before their first birthday, per thousand babies born alive
- Fertility
- Trends- Long term decline in birth rate with some baby booms. Women now have fewer children, possibly at a later stage in life. Average woman has 1.4 children
- Reasons-- Changes in fertility technology. Women in employment. Decline on infant mortality rate, due to better living standards. Children have become an economic liability
- Consequences- Changing family size/structure i.e. beanpole families. Dependency ratio- reducing burden in short therm. Fewer schools, maternity/ child care services needed. Reduced patriarchy and equality
- Life Expectancy
- Trends- Long term increase in life expectancy. Women have longer life expectancies than males, 87:82.
- Reasons- Better health care, better social infrastructures, better sanitation. Pension scheme to support generations. Free NHS. Access to technology improving ealth care
- Untitled
- Consequences- Ageing population putting pressure on the NHS/ pension system. Requires more and better social care, though there are a lack of carers to care for them- less younger generations to rely on. One of causes of bean-pole families
- Marriage
- Trends- Decrease in the number of marriages, increase in the amount of remarriages
- Reasons- Divorce laws, less stigma around being unmarried. Secularisation of society, lack of 'traditional' family forms. Marriage is costly i.e. average wedding costs £30,000
- Consequences- Less people creating 'traditional' family forms, creating possible anomie- this s destructive for society. More pressure on the state benefits system
- Divorce
- Trends- Increase in divorce/ remarriage rates
- Reasons- Divorce laws, free cheap access. People no longer create 'pure relationships', don't get married out of compassion. Use of technology for online dating. Less stigma around divorce
- Giddens- Pure Love
- Consequences- NEW RIGHT- dysfunctional families, children from broken homes are 4x more likely to develop behaviour problems
- Singlehood
- Trends- Increase in not getting married. Flour and Bouchanan- marriage is no longer economically viable
- Flour and Bouchanan- marriage isn't economically viable
- Reasons- Secularisation of society, less stigma around not being married. Women are now encouraged to go out to work, rather than being expected to settle down, have children and be a hosuewife
- Consequences- More females working towards a career, forcing more equality in pay between males and females. Pressure on the benefits system sue to single parent families- NEW RIGHT
- Trends- Increase in not getting married. Flour and Bouchanan- marriage is no longer economically viable
- Cohabitation
- Trends- More families beginning to cohabitate.
- Reasons- Less people getting married due to secularisation/ drop in stigma around not being married. House costs are increasing, making it harder to be a single parent and obtain a mortgage.
- Consequences- Much easier for parents that aren't married to have a support system for their children, as they can both provide for them. Better socialisation due to male/female role models.
- Reasons for different family forms
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