CH1 Definitions
- Created by: 500daysofluce
- Created on: 28-03-14 16:40
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- Definitions CH1
- Basic Ideas about atoms
- alpha particle "a cluster of 2 protons and two neutrons that is positive"
- Isotope "atoms having the same number of protons but different number of neutrons"
- beta particles "fast moving electron with negative charge"
- Ion "a particle where the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons"
- gamma rays "high energy electromagnetic radiation"
- Mass number "the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of an atom"
- Half life "the time taken for the radioactivity of a radioisotope to fall to half its initial value"
- Atomic number "the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom"
- Atomic orbital "a region in an atom which can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins"
- Electron shielding "the repulsion between electrons in different shells. Inner shell electrons repel outer shell electrons"
- Electronic configuration "the arrangement of electrons in an atom"
- Molar first ionisation energy of an element "the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of its gaseous atoms"
- Chemical Calculations
- Atom economy "a value obtained from the chemical equation for the reaction"
- Relative molecular mass "the average mass of a molecule relative to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12"
- Relative isotopic mass "the mass of an atom of the isotope relative to one-twelfth of one atom of carbon-12"
- Relative atomic mass "the average mass of one atom of the element relative to one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12"
- Relative isotopic mass "the mass of an atom of the isotope relative to one-twelfth of one atom of carbon-12"
- Percentage yield "calculated from the mass of product actually obtained by experiment"
- Relative isotopic mass "the mass of an atom of the isotope relative to one-twelfth of one atom of carbon-12"
- Relative atomic mass "the average mass of one atom of the element relative to one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12"
- One mole "the amount of any substance that contains the same number of particles as there are atoms in exactly 12g of carbon-12"
- Chemical Equilibrium & Acid-Base Reactions
- An acid "is a proton (H ) donor"
- Le Chantelier's principle "if a system is subject to a change, the equilibrium shifts to minimise the effect of the change"
- A base "is a proton (H ) acceptor
- An acid "is a proton (H ) donor"
- Dynamic equilibrium "a system is is in equilibrium when the forward and reverse reaction occurs at the same rate"
- Energetics
- Enthalpy, H "the heat content of a system"
- Enthalpy change, H "the heat added to a system at a constant pressure"
- The standard enthalpy of formation, H "enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions"
- The standard enthalpy of combustion, H "enthalpy change when one mole is completely combusted in oxygen under standard conditions"
- Hess' Law "the total enthalpy change for a reaction is independent of the route taken from the reactants to the products
- Average bond enthalpy "the average value of the enthalpy required to break a given type of covalent bond in the molecules of a gaseous species"
- Bond enthalpy "the enthalpy required to break a covalent bond X-Y bond into X atoms and Y atoms, all in the gas phase"
- Untitled
- Rate of reaction "the change in concentration or product per unit time"
- Activation energy "minimum energy required to start a reactions by breaking of bonds
- Basic Ideas about atoms
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