Cultural Variations
- Created by: Alina-Lynn
- Created on: 18-05-22 18:58
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- Cultural Variations
- Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
- Wanted to look at the proportions of secure, insecure resistant and avoidant across a range of cultures.
- Used a meta-analsis from 8 different countries. Total of 32 studies. 1990 children.
- UK, USA (15), Netherlands, Germany, Israel , Japan, Sweden and China
- Used a meta-analsis from 8 different countries. Total of 32 studies. 1990 children.
- Most common attachment across all cultures was secure attachment.
- This supports Bowlby's idea that attachment is innate and is the universal norm.
- Secure in Britain 75% whereas in China 50%
- Israel had the greatest proportions of insecure resistant. 30%
- Germany had the greatest insecure avoidant attachment. 35%
- German parents want their children to be independent from a young age.
- Least common in Japan.
- 3% in Britian
- Germany had the greatest insecure avoidant attachment. 35%
- Wanted to look at the proportions of secure, insecure resistant and avoidant across a range of cultures.
- Results showed much variations within cultures rather than between countries.
- A03
- Large Sample = Representative sample. which means accurate generalisations.
- However, heavily criticised as data drawn doesn't represent African, South Asian or South American cultures.
- Therefore data would be required from these cultures before universal conclusions can be made.
- However, heavily criticised as data drawn doesn't represent African, South Asian or South American cultures.
- Differences within cultures. E.g. middle class UK parent and working class UK parent would have different child-rearing techniques.
- It would be better for psychologists to gain more knowledge around specific cultures before making generalisations.
- Cross-cultural can suffer from imposed etic, where researchers analyse findings in a biased manner in terms of their own cultural beliefs, wrongly imposing cultural-specific beliefs onto other cultures.
- For instance, Ainsworth, an American, assumed that separation anxiety was an indication of secure attachment but it may represent something else in other countries.
- Large Sample = Representative sample. which means accurate generalisations.
- Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
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