crime and deviance
- Created by: ARrevises
- Created on: 13-02-23 12:18
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- Crime and deviance
- functionalism
- Durkheim - Boundary Maintenance - by having a small amount of crime in the media it reminds people of what is wrong - prevents other crime Enables social cohesion and adaption can happen
- Cloward and Ohlin - warning sign - when there is some crime it shows that there is something wrong
- Davie and Polsky - having some small crime prevents larger crime eg **** v sexual crimes
- Merton - strain theory - some people face strain where they cannot achieve the goals through the designated means. Conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists and rebels
- Hirschi - Bond theory. The amount of attachment that someone has in the community massively impacts the chances of them committing crime eg family
- Matza - Subbtarean Drift Values - people drift in and out of delinquency over time .Denial of responsibility, injury, victim , condemnation and appealing to others.
- Marxism
- Chambliss - Selective law enforcement and law making - the bourgeoisie can make the laws to suit them and enforce the laws on the proletariats
- Althusser - The criminal Justice system is part of the RSA which makes the proletariat conform
- NEO - MARXISM
- Taylor, walton and Young - fully social theory. Combines Interpretivist methods with marxism. Wider origins of the act and responses
- Hall applies this to the example of Muggins where BAME communities were scapegoated
- Taylor, walton and Young - fully social theory. Combines Interpretivist methods with marxism. Wider origins of the act and responses
- Surveillance
- Foucault - Panopticon - If there is surveillance all round and people don't know when they are being watched then self- surveillance will occur
- Bauman- In a post- modern age we are under constant surveillance by the media
- Gender and crime
- Carlen - women face a class gender deal. Whereby they are punished for being either at home or a woman in work
- Heidensohn- spheres - there are particular spheres that deny women the opportunity to commit crime. eg Public sphere os shame culture
- Lombroso- women are biologically different so don't commit crime.
- Parsons - Sex role theory - women are made to be maternal whereas men feel as if they must be instrumental
- men are facing a crisis in masculinity which means that they naturally resort to crime
- Ethnicity and crime
- Hall - BAME communities are often used as a scapegoat for crime - een as the typical offender
- Canteen culture - police forces come together to prosecute particular groups.
- Media and crime
- Hypodermic syringe model - people will just absorb the media and not worry about what it says eg imitation and excitement
- Cohen - moral panics. The media sensationalise stories which causes them to be much more than what they are eg mods and rockers
- Postman - Infotainment. The media use information as entertainment to excite people and thus they have the thrill of crime
- Mcrobbie and Thornton - Moral panics aren't as easy as there is more media and people understand the concept more
- Cohen - fear of crime cycle - when crime increases then its in the media so people are scared - avoidance
- The media is a unit of consumption. People see what they want in the media then act upon that through criminal actions
- State crime
- Green and ward - Street and state crime is the same - opportunity, motivation
- Bauman - there are features of a modern society that enable state crime to take place eg increase in technology means that it can be understood better
- Types of state crime International, social and cultural, domestic , security and police forces.
- Globalisation of crime
- Drugs trade - the international drugs trade is estimated to be around £3 trillion. Used to just be LEDC's
- Trafficking - increase of women, children and organs trafficked for sex crimes and threats
- Financial crime - increase due to convenience of online banking such as money laundering
- Technological crime - can be in different countries eg changing VPN
- Subcultural theories
- Cohen - status frustration. Often Working class boys cannot achieve through the required means
- Cloward and Ohlin - illegitimate opportunity structures - it already happens in an area
- Miller - focal concerns - WC lads have a culture eg toughness
- functionalism
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