Coordination AQA BIOL5
- Created by: MollyPayne
- Created on: 01-05-16 17:49
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- Coordination
- The nervous system
- Short lived
- sent via neurones
- Rapid
- Localised
- Rapid
- sent via neurones
- Short lived
- The hormonal system
- Long lasting
- Sent via the blood
- slow
- Widespread
- Long lasting
- Chemical Mediators
- Histamine
- Swelling
- Cause dilation of small arteries and arterioles
- Increased permeability of capillaries
- Prostaglandins
- Cause dilation of small arteries and arterioles
- Increased permeability of capillaries
- Blood pressure and neuro transmitters
- Histamine
- Plant Growth Factors
- Light
- Gravity
- Water
- Gravity
- Light
- The nervous system
- The hormonal system
- Long lasting
- Sent via the blood
- slow
- Widespread
- Long lasting
- IAA diffuses from tip
- IAA moves to shaded side
- Plant Growth Factors
- Light
- Gravity
- Water
- Gravity
- Light
- Cell body
- Neurones
- The nervous system
- Short lived
- sent via neurones
- Rapid
- Localised
- Rapid
- sent via neurones
- Short lived
- Sensory Neurone
- From receptor to intermediate
- Intermediate Neurone
- From sensory to motor
- Motor Neurone
- From intermediate to effector
- Neurones
- Sensory Neurone
- From receptor to intermediate
- Intermediate Neurone
- From sensory to motor
- Motor Neurone
- From intermediate to effector
- From intermediate to effector
- Motor Neurone
- From sensory to motor
- Intermediate Neurone
- From receptor to intermediate
- Sensory Neurone
- Neurones
- From intermediate to effector
- Motor Neurone
- From sensory to motor
- Intermediate Neurone
- From receptor to intermediate
- The nervous system
- Dendrons and dendrites
- Axon
- Schwann Cells
- Myelin sheath
- Node of Ranvier
- Localised circuits
- Saltatory conduction
- Node of Ranvier
- Myelin sheath
- Higher temperature the faster the nerve impulse
- Schwann Cells
- Axon
- Neurones
- Some sodium channels open
- Sodium influx causes more sodium channels to open
- Positive Feedback
- Sodium influx causes more sodium channels to open
- At 40mV sodium channels shut
- Potassium channels open
- Potassium moves out of axon
- Outside more negative than inside
- Potassium moves out of axon
- Potassium channels open
- Hyper polarisation
- Overshoot of potassium ions leaving axon
- Inside of axon more negative than resting potential
- Refractory period
- Repolarised
- Action potentials can only go in one direction
- Produces discreet, separated action potentials
- Limits amount of action potential
- Produces discreet, separated action potentials
- Overshoot of potassium ions leaving axon
- Synapses
- Allows single stimulus to create simultaneous responses
- Multiple impulses can be combined at a synapse to produce single response
- Unidirectional
- Neuro transmitter recptors only on post synaptic membrane
- Summation
- Spatial summation
- Multiple neurones combining neuro transmitter
- Too exceed threshold value and trigger new action potential in next neurone
- Single neurone releasing neuro transmitter over time
- Too exceed threshold value and trigger new action potential in next neurone
- Multiple neurones combining neuro transmitter
- Temporal summation
- Single neurone releasing neuro transmitter over time
- Spatial summation
- Inhibition
- Inward diffusion of chloride ions on post synaptic membrane
- Hyperpolarises membrane making more neurotransmitter needed for action potential to occur
- Inward diffusion of chloride ions on post synaptic membrane
- Transmission
- Action potential reaches presynaptic neurone
- Causes calcium ion channels to open and calcium ions to enter knob
- Calcium causes vesicles full of acetylcholine to fuse to presynaptic membrane
- Acetylcholine is released into synaptic cleft and diffuses across the gap
- Acetylcholine binds with sodium ion channel receptors making them open
- Influx of sodium ions causes a new action potential to occur in post synaptic neuorne
- Acetylcholin esterase hydrolyses acetylcholine into choline and ethanoic acid
- These products diffuse back across synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurone
- ATP is released by the mitochondria and recombines choline and ethanoic acid to acetylcholine
- These products diffuse back across synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurone
- Acetylcholin esterase hydrolyses acetylcholine into choline and ethanoic acid
- Influx of sodium ions causes a new action potential to occur in post synaptic neuorne
- Acetylcholine binds with sodium ion channel receptors making them open
- Acetylcholine is released into synaptic cleft and diffuses across the gap
- Calcium causes vesicles full of acetylcholine to fuse to presynaptic membrane
- Causes calcium ion channels to open and calcium ions to enter knob
- Action potential reaches presynaptic neurone
- Summation
- Spatial summation
- Multiple neurones combining neuro transmitter
- Too exceed threshold value and trigger new action potential in next neurone
- Too exceed threshold value and trigger new action potential in next neurone
- Multiple neurones combining neuro transmitter
- Temporal summation
- Spatial summation
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