Communities and Networks
- Created by: Zoe
- Created on: 20-12-13 18:26
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- Communities & Networks
- Speech Communities
- 1) Defined exclusively by linguistic practice
- But knowledge or the social use of a language is also part of what it means to be a speaker of X
- 2) Shared linguistic practice + shared norms
- Labov (1972)
- 2) Shared linguistic practice + shared norms
- But knowledge or the social use of a language is also part of what it means to be a speaker of X
- Uses
- Geographically bounded urban communities
- Urban neighbourhoods and subgroups
- Urban immigrants as distinct from their source and target group
- "national unity of people"
- Dittmar (1976)
- Children
- Romaine (1982)
- Women
- Coates (1993)
- Temp - e.g. members of a jury
- Problems
- Debate over how to define a speech community
- 'A language based unit of social analysis' - Bucholtz (1999)
- 'A socially based unit of linguistic analysis' - Patrick (2002)
- What do you name a speech community?
- Can you belong to more than one speech community?
- Can you be more a member of one comunnity than another?
- Debate over how to define a speech community
- We can belong to multiple communities and have different kinds of belonging to different groups
- 1) Defined exclusively by linguistic practice
- Groupings and Social Networks
- Linking an individual to a group doesn't mean that the social groups are realy things
- Groupings imposed by analysis
- Network = totality of people we have contact with
- Density: number of links
- Multiplicity: content of links
- The more centrally located an individual is in a network, the more that individual tends to observe group norms
- Different social networks have different structures
- Linking an individual to a group doesn't mean that the social groups are realy things
- Communities of Practice
- Eckert and McConnell-Ginet (1992, 1995)
- Mutual engagement in some common endeavour
- 'Defined simultaneously by its membership and by the practice in which that membership engages' - Eckert 2(000)
- Speech Communities
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