GEOGRAPHY Coastal change and conflict
- Created by: willbrewin1
- Created on: 13-04-15 14:30
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- Coastal change and conflict
- Erosion
- Abrasion
- waves pick up small rocks and hurl them at the cliff face
- Attrition
- the current below waves grind rocks against the base of the cliff
- Hydraulic action
- air is forced into existing cracks and trapped, breaking the rock apart
- Abrasion
- Hard rock coastal landforms- headlands
- crack, cave, arch, stack stump
- Wave cut platforms- waves erode bottom of a cliff, unsupported rock above falls
- longshore drift
- waves aproach the coast in the direction of the wind
- swash pushes sediment up at the angle of the wind
- back wash drags sediment down at 90 degrees due to gravity
- sediment moves in a zig zag fashion
- back wash drags sediment down at 90 degrees due to gravity
- swash pushes sediment up at the angle of the wind
- sand spits- longshore drift travels across a river mouth, bay or bend in the coastline
- waves aproach the coast in the direction of the wind
- soft rock coastline
- easily eroded (clay etc) not as tall or steeo as hard rock and no rocks at the bottom, piles of clay ect intead
- Holderness-east yorkshire, fastest eroding coastline in Europe. costal management is in place in some places
- hard rock coastline
- high, steep, rugged, rocks at bottom of cliff
- Concordant
- same rock type along coastline
- discordant
- rock type alternates along a coastline
- speed of coastal retreat
- rock type,, faults in the rock, storms how exposed the cliff is, coastal defences and fetch (how far the wave has travelled
- consequences of erosion
- house and land loss, infrastructure and income reduced
- coastal management
- soft engineering
- beach replenishment- looks the same, but is costly and short term
- managed retreat- effective, but short term and costly
- cliff regrading- making the cliff less steep, reduces landslides but is short term and doesn't protect the cliff base
- hard engineering
- sea wall, long lasting but expensive and an eye sore
- groynes-counteract longshore drift, is cheap and last long but restricts access and exposes other areas of the coast
- rip rap- boulders on the shore to reduce the waves power, long term but expensive and ugly
- soft engineering
- Erosion
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