Classical liberalism
- Created by: Olivia 22
- Created on: 25-05-14 09:36
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- Classical Liberals
- Human Nature
- Rational
- Optimistic (People are good)
- Best judge of their own interests
- Individuals are selfish and egotistical
- Capable of living freely
- Individualism,(supremacy of the individual over the collective.)
- Methodological individualism,a way of understanding the world, all humans are separate/unique and aren't defined by the environment in which they live.
- Ethical individualism,Gives moral priority to needs/rights of individuals. Only individuals can determine what is morally right.
- Egotistical Individualism,Stresses self interestedness, pleasure seeking, Humans don't owe nothing to society nor does society owe anything to them.
- Rationalism
- Knowledge flows from reason not experience.
- Helps bring progress and reform as humans are emancipated from the past.
- Highlights importance of debates
- Opposed to custom and tradition.
- Toleration.
- Forebarance
- Political, religious, cultural, ethical and moral.
- All views have some truth.
- Accept ideas even if disapprove.
- Only argument and debate can bring truth.
- Two types of tolderation
- Negative: Live and let live.
- Positive toleration: Celebration of diversity.
- Freedom: Ability to act as please.
- Negative freedom: absence of restraints. Individuals act as they chose.
- Freedom gives individuals opportunity to pursue own interests.
- Laws/state/gov should be rolled back.
- As individuals are a potential constraint in themselves, negative freedom justifies a minimal state to safeguard individuals from one another.
- Negative freedom: absence of restraints. Individuals act as they chose.
- Rights
- Human/natural rights
- Expression of liberals individualism
- Equal Rights e.g. Equal opportunities.
- Linked liberal democracy.
- Negative Rights: Impose restrictions on others; free to do what you want providing it doesn't harm others.
- Equality
- Foundational equality: humans are born equal with an equal capacity to reason. Everyone of equal moral worth. Everyone equally free. Equality of interests.
- Formal equality: Equality before the law and equal civil and political rights.
- freedom to be unequal, liberty before equality.
- Justice
- Free economy and limited state will guarantee social justice
- Inequality acts as incentive to hard work
- Social justice based on merit: those who deserve the most gain the most.
- Economics
- Laissez Fair Economics
- Self regulating market
- Free people able to satisfy their own desires
- Market efficient and responsive
- Avoids state intervention
- Human Nature
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