Civil Rights, 1954 - 60

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  • Created by: G-Ham
  • Created on: 16-03-20 09:07
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  • Civil Rights, 1954-60
    • Brown vs Topeka
      • - 1952 NAACP put 5 desegregation cases together and took them to the Supreme Court (they were know as Brown vs Topeka)
        • - the legal case was made against the Topeka board of education
          • -  made by Linda Brown who was a Black American student
          • - it argued that the principle of 'separate but equal' in school was unsonstitutional
      • Timeline:
        • Dec '52 - Judges in the case asked to hear more legal advice. Earl Warren became new Chief Justice
          • May '54 - Supreme Court ruled that segregated education was unconstitutional
            • - however the Court set no time limit for the desegregation of schools
      • Significance
        • - Brown rulings overturned the 1896 public facilities segregation
          • - white backlash, KKK
            • Black students/ teachers faced threats
              • - some good schools for black Americans were shut down
                • - many southern states found ways to avoid complying
        • - awareness of civil rights issues in south increased
          • - rulings were an inspiration for other desegregation campaigns
    • Little Rock High School 1957
      • - Arkansas, 9 black students attend a newly desegregated high school
        • - following the Brown verdict,  Little Rock desegregated, 75 black students applied, 25 were accepted, however 9 actually attended
          • - after '54 Brown verdict, Orval Faubus, state governor became a fierce opponent  for desegregation
            • - in '58, Faubus closed every school in Little Rock in an attempt to stop racial integration
      • Key Events:
        • Sep 3, '57 - Brown case led to desegregation of Little Rock High School
          • Sep 4, '57 - NAACP arranged for new black students to arrive together
            • - Faubus sent 250 state troops to the school to 'keep the peace' however they just stopped the 9 from entering
              • - Elizabeth Eckford (one of the 9) did not get the notification to arrive with the rest - she was targeted and abused
                • - district judges/lawyers for NAACP used Court to challenge Faubus and force him to withdraw troops
                  • - Sep 24, '57 - Pres Eisenhower sent in federal troops to ensure the 9 could attend without being attacked
      • Significance
        • - 100s of reporters recorded the events, people were shocked by how the children were being treated
          • - was continued resistance to school integration after 1957
            • many schools shut down rather than integrate
            • - 1958, first black students graduate from Little Rock High
              • - 10 years later, black students attending newly integrated south schools were still subject to violence

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