Circulatory Systems
- Created by: Hannah-Smith
- Created on: 31-03-18 14:15
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- Circulatory Systems
- Blood Cell formation
- Need a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients.
- To function
- Stay alive
- Excrete waste products
- Need a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients.
- Function
- Transport mechanism of metabolites to cells.
- Carries waste products to excretory system.
- Provides immunity
- Protects body from harmful microbes.
- Open Circulatory Systems
- Found in arthropods and molluscs.
- Haemolymph circulates in large open spaces rather than being contained within vessels.
- Distributes food and nitrogenous waste (not gases)
- Blood is not red as no haemoglobin is contained within i.
- Does not transport oxygen.
- Body cavity fills with blood and exchange of materials.
- Via diffusion across the plasma membrane into the cells.
- Limited efficiency and functions at low pressure due to weak muscular heart.
- Closed Circulatory Systems
- Vertebrates and annelids (e.g. earthworms)
- Their blood is enclosed within tubular vessels.
- Gaseous exchange occurs through capillary walls via diffusion.
- Heart is more muscular
- So blood flows under high pressure making it more efficient.
- Vertebrates and annelids (e.g. earthworms)
- Double Circulatory Systems
- Birds and mammals
- Helps maintain high body temperature of warm blooded animals.
- Blood flows twice through the heart.
- Then pumped to lungs at low pressure.
- To collect oxygen.
- Pumped to rest of the body at high pressure
- Deliver oxygen and nutrients to body cells.
- Pumped to rest of the body at high pressure
- To collect oxygen.
- Heart divided into 2 sides.
- Left side receives oxygenated blood
- Right side receives deoxygenated blood.
- Seperated by a septum and the blood is not mixed.
- Left side receives oxygenated blood
- Seperated by a septum and the blood is not mixed.
- Then pumped to lungs at low pressure.
- Advantages
- Higher blood pressure
- A greater flow of blood to the tissues.
- Blood will be supplied to body tissues quickly to provide high metabolic rate.
- Provide skeletal muscles with oxygen and glucose
- Helps maintain high body temperature of warm blooded animals.
- Higher blood pressure
- Birds and mammals
- Single Circulatory System
- Fish
- Heart is a long, folded organ consisting of an atrium and ventricle.
- The heart beat is triggered in the sinus venosus ( a chamber before the atrium)
- deoxygenated blood passes through the heart.
- Leaves the ventricle and is pumped to the gills to get oxygen.
- Filtered from surrounding water.
- Nutrients picked from digestive system.
- The nutrients and oxygen dropped of at tissues for cellular respiration.
- Leaves the ventricle and is pumped to the gills to get oxygen.
- Blood flows through 2 capillary systems (gills and body) under high resistance
- Therefore this type of system is slow.
- Mammalian Circulatory Systems
- Mammals have a closed and double circulatory system.
- Three main circulation routes within the body.
- Systemic circulation
- Main circulation of blood between heart and body cells.
- Pulmonary circulation
- Circulation of blood between heart and lungs.
- Portal circulation
- Carries deoxygenated blood from the digestive system through the liver.
- Systemic circulation
- Three main circulation routes within the body.
- Function
- Transport mechanism of metabolites to cells.
- Carries waste products to excretory system.
- Provides immunity
- Protects body from harmful microbes.
- Mammals have a closed and double circulatory system.
- Comprised of blood, blood vessels and heart.
- Blood Cell formation
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