Further organic chemistry: Carboxylic acid derivatives -4
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 07-04-15 10:54
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- Carboxylic acid derivatives
- Acyl chlorides
- Functional group -COCl
- Reactions
- With water
- Produces a carboxylic acid
- Vigorous reaction with cold water
- With alcohols
- Produces an ester
- Vigorous reaction at room temperature
- With concentrated ammonia
- Produces an amide -CONH2
- Violent reaction at room temperature
- With amines
- Violent reaction at room temperature
- Produces a N-substituted amide
- With water
- Esters
- Functional group -COO-
- Reactions
- Hydrolysis with an acid
- Heated under reflux with a an acid, e.g HCl or H2SO4
- Alcohol and Carboxylic acid produced
- Reversible reaction
- Hydrolysis with a base
- Heated under reflux with with an alkali, e.g NaOH
- Production of an alcohol and the salt of the carboxylic acid
- Transesterification
- Ester reacted with an alcohol, acid catalyst
- Used in the manufacture of biodiesel
- Used to make low fat spreads - hardening of vegetable fats
- Swaps the alcohol part of the ester with a different alcohol
- Polyesters
- Carboxyl groups react with hydroxyl groups to form ester linkages
- Condensation reaction
- Dicarboxylic acids & Diols
- Characteristics of polyestsers: strong, flexible & abrasion-resistant
- PET(Terylene) used in clothes to keep them crease free
- Hydrolysis with an acid
- Acyl chlorides
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