C3
- Created by: superlouasaur
- Created on: 04-04-15 10:08
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- C3- Chemicals in our lives
- Minerals
- Can learn the history of sedimentary rock by looking at shape and size of sand grains
- Fossils are used to age rocks too
- Can learn the history of sedimentary rock by looking at shape and size of sand grains
- Salt: sources and uses
- Uses
- Preservation of food
- Flavour
- Treat icy roads
- Source of chemicals such as chlorine
- Sea salt
- Fuel needed to evaporate and separate the salt
- Rock salt
- Rock salt is impure
- Used on icy roads
- Extracted from mines
- Rock salt is impure
- Solution mining
- Pumping water down into rock
- Salt dissolves and is carried to the surface in solution
- The solution is evaporated
- The solution is called brine
- Cause sibsidence
- Rock salt
- Rock salt is impure
- Used on icy roads
- Extracted from mines
- Rock salt is impure
- Rock salt
- Uses
- Salt in food
- Sodium chloride
- 75% of the salt is in everyday food
- Raise blood pressure- too much
- Increase cholesterol
- Alkalis
- Neutralise acid soils
- Converts fats and oils into soap
- Make glass
- Make chemicals that bind natural dyes to cloth
- Sodium hydroxide neutralizes hydrochloric acid to make salt
- Alkaline hydroxide+ acid-> Salt+ Acid
- Alkaline carbonate+ acid-> salt + CO2 + water
- Making alkali on a large scale
- Leblanc process- highly poluting
- Released hydrogen sulfide gas (smelt of rotten eggs)
- Parliament passed Alkali acts
- Released hydrogen chloride
- Found a way to oxidise and turn it to chlorine
- Released hydrogen chloride
- New methods of manufacturing alkali was developed
- Water treatment
- Before water treatment
- diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and gastrienteritis
- Caused by sewage contamination
- Chlorination of drinking water reduced illnesses
- May be side effects of chlorination
- Might cause the formation of trihalomethanes
- Form when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water
- Could lead to cancer
- Might cause the formation of trihalomethanes
- Water companies use ozone to break down organic material
- Before water treatment
- Making chemicals from salt
- Electrolysis
- The chemical changes take place at the surface of the metals
- Needs a lot of energy
- Some of toxic mercury escapes into the environment
- Protecting health and environment
- Chemicals must be tested- tiny traces are not unsafe
- Strict EU laws about chemicals
- REACH collects information about the hazards of chemicals and to assess risks
- POPs- persistent organic pollutants
- Usually contain chlorine
- Tend to accumulate in fatty tissue of animals
- Dirty dozen- 8 pesticides, 2 used in industry, 2 by- products of industry
- all pesticides and industrial chemicals are banned in britain
- PVC
- Synthetic polymer
- Produced, used and disposed
- Methene and chlorine form to make vinyl chloride
- vinyl chloride monomer molecules join together to make long chains of poly(vinyl chloride)
- Made of carbon, hydrogen and chlorine
- Most polymer waste ends up in landfill
- Synthetic polymer
- Plasticisers
- Toymakers use PVC because it is versatile
- Plasticisers make PVC soft and flexible
- Most common plasticisers are phthalates
- Can escape from PVC
- Can lead to health problems such as cancer, liver problems and infertility
- Used in toys, blood bags or bags for intravenous drips
- Minerals
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