Edexcel C3 Organic Chemistry
A brief mindmap about alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, polyesters and saturated/unsaturated oils
- Created by: HayatF
- Created on: 03-05-17 11:01
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- Organic Chemistry
- Carboxylic Acids
- Functional group (-COOH)
- Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, etc.
- (Short) carboxylic acids are liquids and soluble in water
- Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than their parent alkenes
- This is because the intermolecular forces are stronger, despite having the same number of carbon atoms
- Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than their parent alkenes
- Making Alcohol
- Fermentation of glucose
- Anaerobic reaction - any oxygen present will form ethanoic acid instead
- Disadvantage - Batch process - slower
- Advantage - Uses renewable resources
- Alcohol solute is diluted - fractional distillation needed to purify
- Disadvantage - expensive process
- Hydration of steam
- Ethene + steam --> ethanol
- Advantage - continuous process, quicker
- Disadvantage - uses crude oil, non-renewable
- Fermentation of glucose
- Esters
- Functional group (-COO)
- Alcohol + carboxylic acid ---> ester + water
- E.g.
- butanol + ethanoic acid --> butyl ethanoate
- E.g.
- Use for flavourings and perfumes
- Ethyl butanoate = pineapple
- Uses of Esters
- SOAP: made from ester and alkali
- Have hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
- Hydrophobic tail sticks to oil/grease, and pulls stain out when hydrophilic head follows water
- Have hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
- SOAP: made from ester and alkali
- Polyesters
- Polymers that contain the ester functional group
- Used for fabrics and plastics
- Polyester clothing is lighter and cheaper than traditional materials (e.g. wool)
- Can be recycled for other uses
- Prevents plastic building up in landfill sites
- Oils
- Unsaturated = has at least one carbon double bond
- Liquid unsaturated oils can be turned into solid saturated oils
- Hydrogen is added to force double bonds to open up and make space
- Nickle catalyst added
- "Catalytic hydrogenation"
- Polyunsaturated vegetable oils are hydrogenated to make margarine
- Carboxylic Acids
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