C2 - Material Choices
- Created by: eloisa_braith
- Created on: 29-03-15 17:10
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- C2 - Material Choices
- Natural & Synthetic Materials
- Natural
- Plants
- eg. wood, paper, cotton
- Animals
- eg. wool, silk, leather
- Plants
- Synthetic
- Raw materials come from Earth's crust
- eg. aluminium, chromium - used in metal alloys
- Human (man-made)
- eg. rubber (in factories), nylon, polyester,
- Raw materials come from Earth's crust
- Natural
- Properties
- Melting Point
- Temperature it turns to liquid
- Strength
- How good a material is at resisting force
- Compressive Strength
- Resistance of pushing force
- eg. brick
- eg. cross beams
- Resistance of pushing force
- Tensile Strenth
- Resistance of pulling force
- eg. rope
- eg. cross beams
- Resistance of pulling force
- Compressive Strength
- How good a material is at resisting force
- Stiffness
- How much it bends when force is applied
- Hardness
- How difficult it is to cut
- Density
- Mass per unit volume (eg. g/cm3)
- Less dense than water = float
- More dense than water = sink
- Mass per unit volume (eg. g/cm3)
- Melting Point
- Polymerisation
- Polymer
- Made of chains of monomers
- Synthetic Polymers use hydrocarbons as the monomer
- Contain a carbon to carbon double bond
- Many small chains are joined by breaking double bonds
- Chains packed close together = high density
- Plasticisers reduce forces between chins = weaker forces
- Cross links bond chains together = stronger forces
- More energy needed to break bonds = high melting point
- Less energy needed to break bonds = low melting point
- Cross links bond chains together = stronger forces
- Plasticisers reduce forces between chins = weaker forces
- Chains spread out = low density
- Cross links bond chains together = stronger forces
- More energy needed to break bonds = high melting point
- Cross links bond chains together = stronger forces
- Crystalline
- Chains in straight lines; fit together easier = higher density, stronger, higher melting point
- Made of chains of monomers
- Linking lots of small molecules together
- Polyester is often used to replace natural materials such as cotton, silk, wool
- Polymer
- Crude Oil
- Mixture of hydrocarbons
- Chains of hydrogen & carbon atoms
- Short chains = low boiling point
- Long chains = high boiling point
- Strong covalent bonds
- Between hydrogen & carbon atoms
- Strong enough to hold molecules in place even when intermolecular forces are overcome
- Between hydrogen & carbon atoms
- Intermolecular forces
- Between hydrocarbonmolecules
- When heated, molecules have more energy so might be able to overcome intermolecular forces
- Turning into a gas
- Strong enough to hold molecules in place even when intermolecular forces are overcome
- When heated, molecules have more energy so might be able to overcome intermolecular forces
- Between hydrocarbonmolecules
- Chains of hydrogen & carbon atoms
- Refining (separating)
- Fraction distilation
- Hydrocarbons separated into groups "fractions" - with similar boiling points
- Fraction distilation
- Uses:
- Fuel
- New compounds
- eg. plastics, fertilisers
- Chemical synthesis
- Mixture of hydrocarbons
- Nanotechnology
- 1nm = 0.000000001 m
- Nanoparticles
- Natural
- Seaspray
- Sea produces nanoscale salt particles
- React with water molecules in air - clouds & rain
- Sea produces nanoscale salt particles
- Combustion
- Fuels brunt
- Produces nanoscale soot particles
- Fuels brunt
- Seaspray
- Synthetic
- Added to plastic sports equipment
- More durable & stronger
- Surgical masks & wound dressings
- Antibacterial
- Added to plastic sports equipment
- Large surface area to volume ratio
- Light weight
- Natural
- Natural & Synthetic Materials
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