C2 - Material Choices
- Created by: em198
- Created on: 28-03-14 19:15
View mindmap
- C2 - Material Choices
- Measuring the properties of materials
- Natural
- Made from living things
- Synthetic
- Made from chemical synthesis
- Some properties include: melting points, strength, stiffness, density.
- Natural
- Crude Oil
- Made from hydrocarbons
- Chain molecules
- Different hydrocarbons = different boiling points
- Because molecular chains are different lengths.
- Force strength increases as length of molecule increases.
- More energy to break forces - gas.
- Larger molecules - higher boiling points.
- Seperated by fractional distilation
- Each fraction contains a small range of molecule sizes or similar boiling points
- Used to produce fuels, lubricants and raw materials for chemical synthesis.
- Made from hydrocarbons
- Polymerisation
- Monomers joined together to make long molecules called polymers.
- Using Polmerisation
- Create wide range of materials.
- Polyethene
- Carrier bags
- Strong and waterproof
- PVC
- Window frames
- Unreactive, doesn't root.
- Molecular Structure of Materials
- Rubber
- Tangled, long-chain molecules.
- Atoms held together by strong covalent bonds
- Weak forces between molecules - easily slide over one another
- Stretchy
- Weak forces between molecules - easily slide over one another
- Low melting point
- Strong forces between molecules - high melting points
- Covalent bonds
- Cross-Linking
- Molecules can't slide over eachother - rigid.
- Covalent bonds
- Cross-Linking
- Atoms bonding between polymer molecules.
- Molecules no longer able to move
- Harder material
- Vulcanisation
- Sulfur atoms from cross-links between rubber molecules
- Vulcanised rubber used from car tyres and conveyor belts
- Molecules can't slide over eachother - rigid.
- Rubber
- Modification in Polymers
- Increasing Chain Length
- longer molecules stronger than shorter ones
- Cross-Linking
- Atoms bonding between polymer molecules.
- Molecules no longer able to move
- Harder material
- Vulcanisation
- Sulfur atoms from cross-links between rubber molecules
- Vulcanised rubber used from car tyres and conveyor belts
- Plasticisers
- Softer and more flexible
- Small molecule that sits between molecules
- Forces chains further apart
- Weaker forces - move easier.
- Crystalline Polymers
- Packing molecules close together.
- Intermolecular forces stronger
- Denser and higher melting point
- Increasing Chain Length
- Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience - the study of materials that are 1-100 nanometres in size
- The science of building things on a very tiny scale
- Nanoscale
- Liposomes
- Sea Spray
- Used in sunscreen - good at absorbing UV.
- Properties
- Nanotubes and buckyballs - nanoscale objects made of carbon atoms.
- Nanoparticle electrons move through insulating layers of atoms.
- Sensitive to light, heat and magnetism
- Added to glass to repel water and keep them clean.
- Large surface area compared to volume.
- Antibacterial Fibres
- Protect against spread of bacteria and diseases.
- Silver Nanoparticles
- Woven into textiles.
- Lets sweat out, doesn't let water in.
- Woven into textiles.
- Silver Nanoparticles
- Silver Nanoparticles
- Woven into textiles.
- Lets sweat out, doesn't let water in.
- Woven into textiles.
- Protect against spread of bacteria and diseases.
- In Sports
- Golf Clubs
- Lighter
- Stronger
- Nanometal
- Lighter
- Crystalline structure
- Four times stronger than normal metals
- Nanometal
- Golf Balls
- Straight lines.
- Tennis Rackets
- Increased performance
- Doesn't change weight
- Golf Clubs
- Evaluating
- Can be dangerous
- In water they can be dangerous if consumed
- May have harmful effects on health
- Effects may not be apparent for many years.
- Regulations for development
- Can be dangerous
- In water they can be dangerous if consumed
- May have harmful effects on health
- Effects may not be apparent for many years.
- Can be dangerous
- Could be used for:
- Secure communication systems
- Detect and eradicate small tumours
- Diagnose diseases.
- Surgery that doesn't leave scars
- Can be dangerous
- Measuring the properties of materials
Similar Chemistry resources:
Teacher recommended
Comments
No comments have yet been made