C5
- Created by: superlouasaur
- Created on: 12-03-15 17:19
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- C5- Chemicals in nature
- Bonding in gases
- (When heated)
- The force between molecules (inter molecular bonds) but the bonds inside a molecule aren't (intra)
- There are strong bonds holding atoms together in a molecule but weak forces between molecules
- Mr= relative molecular mass ( the weight of a particular atom
- All compared to carbon -12 which has the atomic mass of 12
- (When heated)
- Atom in molecules
- There are forces of attraction between electrons and nucleus of other atoms.
- Form molecules which are held together by attractions between the nuclei and shared by electrons.
- This is a single covalent bond
- Low melting point
- This is a single covalent bond
- Form molecules which are held together by attractions between the nuclei and shared by electrons.
- There are forces of attraction between electrons and nucleus of other atoms.
- Properties of salts
- Salt has high melting and boiling points
- It has very strong bonds between atoms
- Salt crystals don't conduct electricity because electrons are too tight.
- When sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains one.
- Sodium chloride can come from Water evaporating from rock sediment leaving salt behind
- Sodium chloride solution conducts electricity because the solution frees the electrons and allows more movement
- Salt has high melting and boiling points
- Precipitates in solutions
- A solid made during a chemical reaction from a liquid
- Cations in solids
- Cations are positive and anions are negative.
- Add dilute sodium hydroxide to test for precipitate
- Silicon dioxide
- Quartz is a form of SiO2 it contains silicon and oxygen
- Has high m.p
- Non metal
- Not soluble in water
- Hard crystalline structure
- Giant ionic structures
- Metal and non metal
- Electrical conductor in solution or molten
- Giant ionic structures
- Giant ionic structures
- Metal and non metal
- Electrical conductor in solution or molten
- Diamond andgraphite
- Covalent bonds join each carbon in graphite to 3 other carbon atoms
- This makes flat sheets of hexagons made up of billions of atoms
- Electrons move freely in gaps between layers and bond the layers weekly
- This is why graphite conducts electricity
- Covalent bonds join each carbon atom to its 4 nearest neighbours
- Diamond does not conduct electricity even if molten because it has no electron particles free to move
- High melting and boiling points
- Covalent bonds join each carbon in graphite to 3 other carbon atoms
- If a chemical gains oxygen then it is oxidised
- If a chemical loses oxygen then it is reduced
- Formula mass and percentage yields
- Using the top number
- (Actual yield/ theoretical yield)x100
- Electrolysis
- Splitting a chemical into elements by passing an electric current through it
- Gas produced at positive electrode
- Electrode
- A conductor made of a metal or graphite through which a current enters or leaves a chemical during elecrolysis
- Electrolyte
- A chemical that can be split up by an electric current when molten or in solution ionic compounds are electrolyes
- Splitting a chemical into elements by passing an electric current through it
- Metallic bonding
- Mine the ore
- Crush the ore
- Purify the mineral by removing the impurities from the crushed ore.
- Extract the metal from the mineral
- Make the products from the metal
- Use the product
- Make the products from the metal
- Extract the metal from the mineral
- Purify the mineral by removing the impurities from the crushed ore.
- Crush the ore
- Mine the ore
- Aluminium
- Uses 4 tonnes bauxite ore,uses 15000kWh electricity and produces 9.6 tonnes CO2
- Production causes dust production, makes hazardous/ toxic ponds, harmful chemicals escape
- To make aluminium from recycling it uses 750kWh electricity and froduces 0.48 tonnes of O2
- Bonding in gases
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